牛皮模拟靶标的弹道损伤特性  

Ballistic Damage Characteristics of Cowhide as Skin Surrogate

作　　者：熊漫漫 闫文敏 徐诚[1] 覃彬 马雪姣 XIONG Manman;YAN Wenmin;XU Cheng;QIN Bin;MA Xuejiao(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu,China;Science and Technology on Transient Impact Laboratory,No.208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries,Beijing 102202,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094 [2]中国兵器工业第208研究所瞬态冲击技术重点实验室,北京102202

出　　处：《兵工学报》2022年第1期29-36,共8页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0807206);瞬态冲击技术重点实验室稳定支持经费项目(JCKYS2019209C001);国家自然科学基金项目(11772303)。

摘　　要：为研究牛皮模拟靶标与人体皮肤的相似性,开展离体牛皮和活体动物的弹道冲击试验以及离体牛皮的力学性能试验。分析牛皮力学性能、极限穿透特性,以及动物和牛皮的冲击损伤特征。结果表明:牛皮与人体死尸(PMHS)皮肤的拉伸失效过程表现出相似的3段:缓慢上升、线性上升、急速下降,应变能密度、失效强度和失效应变相对误差分别为6.56%、6.17%和-4.31%;橡皮弹打击下动物与牛皮具有相似的损伤分区形貌,损伤尺寸特征一致,即皮损区和剥落区直径均与弹径相当,而血肿区和褶皱区直径与橡皮弹比动能正相关;牛皮的极限穿透比动能比经验公式计算得出的PMHS皮肤极限穿透比动能高29.97%,但考虑经验公式主要基于病亡或年龄较大的志愿者死尸试验,其穿透比动能数据会相对比较保守;牛皮在力学特性、冲击损伤形貌、极限穿透比动能等方面与人体皮肤相似,是目前比较合适的弹道模拟皮肤材料。To explore the similarity between cowhide and human skin,the ballistic impacting experiments were carried out on cowhide in vitro and live creature and the mechanical experiment was carried out on cowhide.The experimental results are used to analyze the mechanical properties,threshold characteristics of cowhide,as well as the impact damage characteristics of creature and cowhide.Results indicate that the tensile failure processes of cowhide and human skin exhibit a similar three-stage pattern:slow rising,linear rising,and rapid falling.The relative errors of strain energy density,failure strength and failure strain are only 6.56%,6.17% and-4.31%,respectively.The creature and cowhide subjected to the rubber bullet impact have similar partitioned damage characteristics and damage size,that is,the diameters of lesion skin area and kin peeling area are almost equivalent to the bullet diameter,and the diameters of hematoma zone and the fold zone are positively related to the specific kinetic energy of rubber bullet.The perforation threshold specific kinetic energy of cowhide impacted by 6 mm-diameter steel ball is 29.97% higher than that of PMHS skin calculated by the empirical formula.However,considering that the empirical formula is mainly based on the experiments of dead or older cadaver volunteers,the perforation threshold specific kinetic energy data is relatively conservative.It can be concluded that cowhide is similar to human skin in terms of mechanical properties,impact damage characteristics,perforation threshold specific kinetic energy,etc.,which is currently a reasonable ballistic skin surrogate.

关 键 词：创伤弹道 牛皮 模拟皮肤 力学特性 损伤分区 极限穿透 

分 类 号：TJ012.4[兵器科学与技术—兵器发射理论与技术]