史前至夏时期“华西系玉器”研究(中)  

Research on“the Jade Artifacts of the Western China Archetype”from the Prehistoric Time to the Xia Period(part Ⅱ)

作　　者：邓淑苹 DENG Shuping

机构地区：[1]台北故宫博物院,中国台湾台北

出　　处：《中原文物》2022年第1期91-105,共15页Cultural Relics of Central China

摘　　要：本文是此长文的中篇,主要探索黄河上中游地区,在公元前3000年—前1600年间的玉器文化。从考古资料可知,约于公元前2300年前,分布于六盘山周围的客省庄文化、常山下层文化、菜园文化、半山文化等与齐家文化的形成关系密切,笔者统称之为"先齐家诸文化"。齐家文化可能形成于公元前2600年前后,但约自公元前2300年以降,迅速发展成地域甚广的强势文化,尤其是在该文化晚期,已分布至陕北高原西侧,北达河套地区。承袭了可能萌芽于庙底沟文化时的"璧琮礼制",先齐家时期已在祭祀坑里将琮与璧上下叠压掩埋,此时玉石琮也有了浅圈形的射口,或是为了固定二器的叠压而设计。齐家文化遗址较多,本文从墓葬、房址、祭祀坑等各方面作了分析研究。This article is the second part of the long article, mainly exploring the jade culture in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River between 3000 BC and 1600 BC. From archaeological data, it is known that the Keshengzhuang Culture, the Lower Changshan Culture, the Caiyuan Culture, and the Banshan Culture, distributing around Liupanshan Mountain before 2300 BC, are closely related to the formation of the Qijia Culture. The author names them collectively as the"pre-Qijia Cultural Complex."The Qijia culture was first formed around 2600 BC. Around 2300 BC, it rapidly developed into a strong culture by occupying a wide area. In the late period of this culture, its territory had reached the west side of the northern Shaanxi plateau, as well as the Ordos region to the north. Inheriting the"Disk-Tube Ritual System"that may have sprouted in the Miaodigou Culture, cong tube and bi disk were stacked and buried in the sacrificial pits during the period of the pre-Qijia cultures. At this time, the jade cong tube had a shallow ring-shaped collar,which might have a function of fixing the stacking of two devices. Sites of the Qijia Culture are numerous.The author analyzes and studies the tombs, house sites, sacrificial pits and other aspects of the Qijia Culture.

关 键 词：华西玉器 天体崇拜 璧琮礼制 齐家文化 

分 类 号：K21[历史地理—历史学] K876.8[历史地理—中国史] K222