液氮射流破岩及压裂研究进展  

Theory and Research Progress of Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing and Rock Breaking

作　　者：黄中伟[1] 武晓光[1] 谢紫霄 熊建华[2] 杨睿月 张世昆 张宏源 邹文超 Huang Zhongwei;Wu Xiaoguang;Xie Zixiao;Xiong Jianhua;Yang Ruiyue;Zhang Shikun;Zhang Hongyuan;Zou Wenchao(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249;Jiangsu Oil field Company,Sinopec,Yangzhou 225009;Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering,Beijing 100101;China Petroleum Engineering Technology Re search Institute,Beijing 102206)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石化江苏油田分公司,扬州225009 [3]中国石化石油工程技术研究院,北京100101 [4]中国石油集团工程技术研究院,北京102206

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2021年第6期952-963,共12页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51725404)资助。

摘　　要：液氮低温致裂效果显著,在非常规及深部油气储层改造及钻井提速方面展现了良好的应用潜力,为常规水基工作液所带来的耗水量大、储层伤害和环境污染等问题提供了解决思路。本文系统地总结了液氮在钻井和压裂中应用所涉及的关键科学问题,包括液氮井筒流动传热规律、管材低温力学特性、岩石低温致裂特性、液氮射流破岩特征和液氮压裂造缝机理五大方面,综述了液氮辅助破岩和压裂的基本理论和研究进展,剖析了技术的主要难点和瓶颈,为后续的基础研究和工程应用提出了建议。本文可为形成非常规油气储层钻井提速和储层高效改造新方法提供理论依据。Liquid nitrogen shows great potential in reservoir stimulation and drilling rate improvement of unconventional reservoirs due to its remarkable cryogenic cracking effect,which could provide new insight to address issues such as large water consumption,reservoir damage and environmental risks accompanied with water-based working fluid.This paper systematically summarized five key scientific problems involved in liquid nitrogen fracturing and drilling,including cryogenic cracking of rock,liquid nitrogen flow and heat transfer in a wellbore,rock-breaking performances of liquid nitrogen jets,mechanical behaviors of the working tube at low temperature,and fracture propagation mechanism of liquid nitrogen fracturing.The basic theory and research progress of liquid nitrogen applied in fracturing and rock breaking are reviewed,and main bottlenecks and technical difficulties are analyzed.Some suggestions in research and engineering applications are provided for future work.This paper helps readers understand the theory and research progress of liquid nitrogen in rock breaking and stimulation,and provide basic theoretical guidance to the novel drilling and fracturing methods in unconventional reservoir development.

关 键 词：钻井 压裂 液氮 射流 破岩 

分 类 号：TE24[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程] TE357