美国职业体育联盟总裁处罚权行使及其启示  

On the Punishment Right of Professional Sports Leagues Commissioner

作　　者：周青山[1] 杨婧 ZHOU Qingshan;YANG Jing(Law School,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2021年第6期667-672,共6页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(17A214)。

摘　　要：纪律处罚是职业体育联盟维护其正常秩序的重要工具,美国4大职业体育联盟赋予其总裁纪律处罚权,可以根据联盟规则以及联盟最大利益原则对违规行为进行处罚。从实践来看,被处罚的违规行为主要包括使用毒品和兴奋剂、赌博行为、赛场不当行为、歧视行为4类。总裁行使处罚权必须遵循正当程序原则。被处罚者可以通过仲裁和诉讼2种途径寻求救济,在实践中,仲裁庭以及法庭都存在推翻总裁处罚决定的情形。目前我国职业体育的纪律处罚权主要由国家单项体育协会负责实施,纪律处罚监督机制的独立性存在不足。改革后的职业体育联盟应该拥有独立的处罚权,并赋予联盟总裁相应的处罚权,但监督机构可以设在国家单项体育协会内部,以保障监督的独立和公正。Disciplinary sanctions are the important tool of professional sports leagues to maintain the normal order.In the United States, the four major professional sports leagues give its commissioner penalty power, for which they can penalize violations according to the rules of the league as well as the best interest principle.From a practical point of view, irregularities mainly include four categories: the use of drugs and doping, gambling, misconduct on the field, discrimination.When exercising his power of punishments, the president must follow the principle of due process.The person who is punished can seek relief through two ways: arbitration and lawsuit.In practice, the arbitration tribunal and court overturn the president’s penalty decision exist in both cases.In China, disciplinary action of the professional sports league is mainly carried out by the national federations, and in return there are flaws in the independence of the supervision mechanism.After the reform, the professional sports leagues should have independent power of punishments, but the supervision mechanism can be located within the national federations to safeguard the independence and impartiality.

关 键 词：职业体育 纪律处罚 联盟总裁 

分 类 号：D912.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D712[政治法律—法学]