根茎类作物单摆铲栅收获装置渐变抛掷特性  

Gradient throwing characteristics of oscillating slat shovel for rhizome crop harvesters

作　　者：万里鹏程 李永磊[1,2] 赵虎 徐光浩 宋建农 董向前[1,2] 张超 王继承[1,2] Wan Lipengcheng;Li Yonglei;Zhao Hu;Xu Guanghao;Song Jiannong;Dong Xiangqian;Zhang Chao;Wang Jicheng(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Soil-Machine-Plant System Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100083,China;Electrical Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]农业农村部土壤-机器-植物系统技术重点实验室,北京100083 [3]河南科技大学机电工程学院,洛阳471023

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第24期9-21,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701605);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD070030202)。

摘　　要：单摆铲栅是基于变幅变向振动技术研发的铲栅一体收获装置。为明确单摆铲栅工作特性及抛掷分离作业机理,该研究在运动学及动力学分析基础上建立了铲栅工作面抛掷系数解析方程,铲栅工作面各点抛掷系数随工作长度逐渐增大,铲栅具有明显的渐变抛掷特性和较强的抛掷能力,分离区抛掷系数达9.98~19.72;建立了单摆铲栅EDEM-MBD耦合仿真模型,以振幅、振动频率、前进速度为因素开展单因素仿真试验,试验结果表明:受工作面抛掷特性及土壤粘塑性影响,牵引阻力、驱动转矩具有明显的强弱周期,在强周期内:单摆铲栅与土壤互作力较大,分离间距最大值发生在该周期切削行程终点时刻分离区中点处;振幅为7~11 mm时,牵引阻力均值约1580.93~2019.9 N、最大驱动转矩约224.04~322.11Ν·m、最大分离间距约59.58~98.3 mm;振动频率为6.67~10.67 Hz时,牵引阻力均值约1416.43~1866.38 N、最大驱动转矩约315.28~364.19Ν·m、最大分离间距约78.43~94.67 mm;前进速度为0.2~0.4 m/s时,牵引阻力均值约1429.43~2110.48 N、最大驱动转矩约241.27~387.78Ν·m、最大分离间距约62.5~102.5 mm。甘草收获试验结果表明:甘草收获机牵引阻力32.17 kN、驱动转矩802.02Ν·m、挖掘深度468 mm时,收净率为96.42%,单摆铲栅作业过程流畅有序,渐变抛掷作用明显,根茎土壤分离效果良好。该研究结果可为根茎作物特别是深根茎作物节能高效收获提供参考。An oscillating slat shovel has presented a promising application potential in the energy-saving and efficient harvesting of deep rhizome crops.This new type of shovel slat integrated harvesting device was developed by gradient amplitude and gradient vibration technology.This study aims to clarify the working characteristics of oscillating slat shovels and the mechanism of throwing separation.The throwing coefficient was selected to characterize the throwing separation ability of the slat shovel work-plane.A motion analysis was made to calculate the swing acceleration of the slat shovel work-plane.An analytical equation of the throwing coefficient was then established to combine with the working process,the periodic variation of the throwing coefficient,and the influence of parameters,including the amplitude,vibration frequency,and working length.The results showed that the throwing coefficient gradually increased at each point of the slat shovel work-plane,indicating outstanding gradient throwing characteristics and strong throwing ability.The maximum throwing coefficient was 9.98-19.72 in the separation area.After that,an investigation was made to determine the influence of the structure and working parameters of the oscillating slat shovel on the soil throwing separation performance.The EDEM-MBD coupling simulation model of the single pendulum shovel gate was established to simplify the structural model and the interaction between the rhizome,soil,and working components,where the indicators were set as the traction resistance,driving torque,the maximum separation distance between the soil and the slat(separation distance),and the ratio of the separated soil quality of each functional area of the work-plane to the total soil mass(separation ratio).A single-factor test was carried out with the amplitude,vibration frequency,and forward speed as factors.The results indicated that:1)There were outstanding strong-weak cycles in the traction resistance and driving torque,due to the gradient throwing characteristics of

关 键 词：收获 仿真 根茎 单摆铲栅 渐变抛掷 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]