拔节-孕穗期淹涝胁迫对水稻生长的后效影响  

Post-effects of waterlogging on the rice growth at the jointing-booting stage

作　　者：吴凤燕 王煌 朱瑞 翟丽妮 胡铁松[2] Wu Fengyan;Wang Huang;Zhu Rui;Zhai Lini;Hu Tiesong(Hubei Water Resources Research Institute,Wuhan 430070,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Hubei International Irrigation and Drainage Research and Training Center,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省水利水电科学研究院,武汉430070 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [3]湖北省国际灌排研究培训中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第24期85-93,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51709098、51339004);湖北省水利重点科技项目(HBSLKY201604)。

摘　　要：为探究每年7-8月(拔节-孕穗期)洪涝淹没对水稻生长的后效影响,该研究以Ⅱ优898为试验对象,在安徽新马桥农水试验站开展为期2 a的水稻淹涝胁迫试验。试验设置了具有不同淹水深度(半淹、3/4淹、全淹)和淹水持续时间(5、7、9 d)组合的9个试验组,以及正常控水的对照组。在淹水胁迫结束后,对后胁迫时期水稻的叶片光合特性、根系生长情况、植株干物质分配和相应产量进行了多次观测。结果表明,淹涝胁迫在一定程度上抑制了叶片气孔导度和光合速率,但在胁迫解除后会逐渐恢复甚至出现补偿现象,其恢复进程受前期淹涝程度影响。淹涝胁迫使水稻的干物质分配更倾向于叶和茎,并随着前期淹涝程度加重而愈发明显;在复水后第20天,半淹组的平均茎叶干物质分配系数相比于对照组增加了7.9%,而全淹组则增加了32.9%。水稻产量与其在后胁迫时期的茎叶干物质分配系数存在显著的相关关系,相关系数为0.875(P=0.023);水稻产量随着茎叶干物质分配系数的增加、叶片气孔导度和光合速率的减小而减少。该研究针对拔节-孕穗期发生的淹涝胁迫,重点对后胁迫时期水稻的光合特性及干物质分配进行了分析,初步探讨了水稻涝害减产的潜在机理,为提出稻田涝后减灾管理措施提供了一定的理论依据。The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the main grain producing areas in China and also the areas where flood disasters occur frequently. Some studies have shown that early flooding stress has a post effect on rice growth.However, these studies lacked the continuous observation of photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves and dry matter quality of plant organs in post-stress period, and the ability of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and the allocation strategy of carbon assimilates in post-stress period are particularly important for the formation of final yield. The post-effect of waterlogging usually happens on the rice growth in July and August. This study aims to explore the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter distribution of rice in the post-stress period in response to the waterlogging that occurred during the jointing-booting stage. Taking the used rice(Ⅱ-You 898) as the object, a two-year field test was carried out at the Xinmaqiao irrigation experimental station at the Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research in China(117°22′E, 33°09′N). Nine treatments were set with different combinations of flooding depth(1/2, 3/4, and full-submerged) and flooding duration(5, 7,and 9 days), as well as a control treatment. Several observations were then made on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics, root growth, dry matter of plant organs, and rice yield after waterlogging stress. The results show that the waterlogging stress relatively inhibited the leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, but these traits were gradually recovered and even compensated after the stress was relieved. After the end of waterlogging stress at jointing-booting stage, the stomatal conductance of most treatment groups was lower than that of the control group, but with the relief of waterlogging stress, the stomatal conductance of rice gradually recovered. The recovery process was depended mainly on the degree of previous waterlogging. Waterlogging stress at jointing-booting stag

关 键 词：光合 生物量 胁迫 水稻 拔节-孕穗期 产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]