微生物响应PBAT-PLA生物降解膜袋工业需氧堆肥降解机制  

Microorganism responded biodegradation mechanism of PBAT-PLA biodegradable packaging under industrial aerobic composting

作　　者：马昳超 刘峻[1] 章若红[1] 朱佳欢 杜欢政 陆莎 Ma Yichao;Liu Jun;Zhang Ruohong;Zhu Jiahuan;Du Huanzheng;Lu Sha(Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research,Shanghai 201114,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200086,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市质量监督检验技术研究院,上海201114 [2]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200086

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第24期224-231,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71974144);国家社科基金重大项目(21ZDA087);上海市质量监督检验技术研究院科研项目(KY-2021-2-QH)。

摘　　要：塑料污染已对全球环境造成严重威胁,生物降解塑料的推广使用及其工业堆肥是治理塑料污染的有效途径之一。该研究根据GB/T 19277.1—2011,在(58±2)℃的特殊高温条件下,对PBAT-PLA生物降解膜袋进行有氧堆肥降解,并选择微晶纤维素作为对照。通过对堆肥中的微生物进行16S/18S高通量测序,分析降解过程中细菌/真菌的群落种类和数量变化,包括物种多样性、物种组成、物种差异分析、样本比较分析,并结合扫描电镜下的微观形貌,深入探寻可降解塑料膜袋在工业需氧堆肥过程中的微生物响应降解机制。结果表明:微晶纤维素和生物降解膜袋在降解活跃期(第140天取样),其所在堆肥中大量存在的优势菌属为Sphaerobacter(球杆菌属,放线菌纲),分别占比20.25%和39.44%。与同样条件下不含降解材料的对照组堆肥相比,微晶纤维素/生物降解膜袋工业需氧堆肥降解过程中显著增长的4种菌属中有3种属于放线菌,说明放线菌对聚酯物的解聚以及纤维素的降解具有积极的作用。试验结果也表明了聚酯和纤维素的完整生物降解过程不依赖单一菌种,而是微生物协同作用的结果。Plastic pollution has posed a serious threat to the environment in the world.Biodegradable plastics can be widely expected to effectively mitigate plastic pollution.The subsequent industrial composting can also be treated to reduce the growing demand for landfills.In this research,the microorganisms responded to the biodegradation mechanism was proposed for the PBAT-PLA biodegradable packaging under the controlled industrial aerobic composting,according to the national standard(GB/T 19277.1-2011).Microcrystalline cellulose was used as reference material.The compost samples were taken on day 140 when the degradation was in the active period.The initial compost(before degradation),compost without any biodegradable material,compost with microcrystalline cellulose,and compost with PBAT-PLA packaging materials were then labeled as compost A,B,C,and D,respectively.The bacterial/fungal community was analyzed during degradation,including the species diversity,speciation,and species difference.A sample comparison was made through 16 S/18 S high-throughput sequencing of microorganisms in compost.The microscopic morphologies of PBAT-PLA packaging materials and microcrystalline cellulose were characterized by a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM),in order to explore the intrinsic microbial response to the degradation mechanism.The results showed that the bacterial diversity of compost B under the industrial composting at 58±2℃was significantly lower than that of initial compost A since only some thermophilic bacteria survived.The bacterial diversities in compost C and D were significantly higher than that of compost B,due to the addition of cellulose or biodegradable packaging materials which provided carbon sources.There was no significant change in the fungal diversity,due to unsuitable for most fungi to survive at high temperatures.The fungal abundance changed,due to the temperature and carbon source in the compost,where the compost B(blank sample)showed the lowest fungal abundance.The dominant bacteria in the compost C

关 键 词：微生物 塑料 降解 生物降解膜袋 工业需氧堆肥 高通量测序 

分 类 号：X7[环境科学与工程—环境工程]