发酵菌剂对鸡粪好氧发酵过程的影响  

Effect of Microbial Agents on Aerobic Fermentation of Chicken Manure

作　　者：张玉凤[1] 田慎重[1] 岳寿松[2] 宋效宗[1] 张培苹[3] 边文范[1] 董亮[1] 高建国 王恒涛 Zhang Yufeng;Tian Shenzhong;Yue Shousong;Song Xiaozong;Zhang Peiping;Bian Wenfan;Dong Liang;Gao Jianguo;Wang Hengtao(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Enwironment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition/Shandong New Fertilizer and Precision Application Technology Innovation Center,Jinan 250100,China;Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Centre of Yantai,Yantai 264001,China;Shandong Zhongxin Agricultural Development Com.,Ltd.,Linshu 276700,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室/山东省植物营养与肥料重点实验室/山东省新型肥料与精准施用技术创新中心,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院农作物种质资源研究所,山东济南250100 [3]烟台市农业技术推广中心,山东烟台264001 [4]山东中新农业发展有限公司,山东临沭276700

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第2期115-122,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019XM002);山东省重大科技创新工程计划项目(2019JZZY010701-2);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0501401);山东省渤海粮仓科技示范工程项目(2019BHLC002);2020年度山东省重点扶持区域引进急需紧缺人才项目。

摘　　要：为筛选出适合鸡粪发酵的微生物菌剂,提高发酵效果,本试验采用槽式好氧发酵法,以不接种菌剂处理为对照,设置两种发酵菌剂接种处理,以发酵过程温度、种子发芽指数、有机碳等指标为考核依据,评价两种菌剂的发酵效果。结果表明:(1)接种菌剂处理达到50℃的时间比不接种提前3 d;两种菌剂处理维持50℃高温的时间达到45 d以上,符合GB/T 7959—2012的要求;高于55℃的时间维持25 d以上,符合NY/T 3442—2019的标准。(2)小麦发芽指数结果显示,接种菌剂促进鸡粪发酵,37 d时可以达到基本无害程度,47 d时达到完全无毒;不接种菌剂处理47 d时才达到基本无毒害程度。(3)菌剂1处理发酵12 d时C/N值约稳定在16,菌剂2和不接种处理21 d始约稳定在16。(4)发酵鸡粪大肠菌群数、蛔虫卵和砷、汞、铅、镉、铬指标达到NY 525—2012和NY 884—2012中规定的各项标准,土霉素、四环素、金霉素与强力霉素未检出。(5)接种菌剂处理发酵12 d后氮磷钾养分总量(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O)在4.3%以上;12~47 d的pH值在6.8~7.1;有机碳含量达到27%以上;接种菌剂显著增加了发酵物料的总腐植酸含量。综合各项指标,两种发酵菌剂均能提高鸡粪发酵速度,发酵时间缩短10 d,菌剂1的发酵效果优于菌剂2,菌剂1更适合本试验配方下的鸡粪发酵。堆肥有效时间应该控制在37 d以上,保障发酵产物均在安全范围内,从而实现无害化。The objective of this study was to screen out the suitable microbial agents for chicken manure composting to improve the fermentation effect.The fermentation temperature,seed germination index(GI),organic carbon content and other characters were used to evaluate the effects of two microbial fermentation agents during the groove composting process.The results were as follows.(1)The temperature at 50℃could maintain for more than 45 days under the two microbial agents treatments,which met the standard requirement of the GB/T 7959-2012,and 3 days was reduced compared with the no microbial agent application treatment.Furthermore,the higher maintaining temperature over 55℃were observed more than 25 days in the composting process,which was up to the standard of NY/T 3442-2019.(2)The GI results presented that the microbial agents application accelerated the fermentation of chicken manure,which reduced time to 37 d for manure harmless and only 47 d was used for manure nontoxic completely.But this process under no microbial agent application treatment needed for 47 d.(3)The C/N ratio was 16∶1 after 12-day fermentation under the microbial agent-1 treatment,while that under the microbial agent-2 and no microbial agent application presented after 21-day fermentation.(4)The fecal coliform and mortality of ascarid eggs,the contents of As,Hg,Pb,Cd and Cr in composting manure were up to the standards of NY 525-2012 and NY 884-2012,and no oxytetracycline,tetracycline,chlortetracycline and doxycyclinein were detected out.(5)The total content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was more than 4.3%after 12-day fermentation.The pH value was 6.8~7.1 during the 12~47-day fermentation.The content of organic carbon was more than 27%,meanwhile,the microbial agents application treatments significantly increased the total humic acid content.In conclusion,the microbial agents application could accelerate the fermentation process of chicken manure and the fermentation time was reduced 10 days compared with no microbial agent application

关 键 词：鸡粪 发酵菌剂 好氧发酵 发芽指数 

分 类 号：S141.3[农业科学—肥料学]