适度前置化的污染环境罪规制观及其法律构造  

A Moderately Prepositioned View on Regulation of Environmental Pollution Crime and Its Legal Structure

作　　者：潘佳 PAN Jia

机构地区：[1]北京物资学院法学院,北京101149

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2022年第2期106-116,共11页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

摘　　要：《刑法修正案(十一)》颁布后,关于污染环境罪的价值立场之争并未就此终结,至今仍存在预防的前置规制观与传统的谦抑主义两种思路。环境污染犯罪的特殊性及我国生态文明新阶段使然,适度前置化的规制观更为合理。适度规制观总体坚持了预防面向,由于预防观容易异化,必须对限度给予重点回应。这就需要在预防环境污染与保护财产权之间,在打击环境犯罪与保护受害者之间,求得平衡。适度前置化的规制立场要义在于科学把握适度内涵及理性表达,这不仅要符合宪法的双向要求及刑法基本原则,还需兼顾环境公益的提前保护与个体利益的维护,以及法秩序统一下的相对从属性要求。我国的适度前置化规制实践,已经肩负起预防污染环境犯罪的使命。这在近年来的司法解释和《刑法修正案(十一)》的污染环境罪条款中已经彰显,但有待完善。法律解释层面,适度前置化规制观保证了犯罪圈的范围选择、刑罚配置、非刑罚措施的合理确定。在司法适用层面,亦能够为法益保护分析、主观方面考量、犯罪形态解读、行政附属性判断、因果关系认定提供分析依据。适度前置化规制观的理论优势和科学性,决定了该立场对于解释《刑法修正案(十一)》中的污染环境罪和回应司法适用中的诸多争议,具有重要的指导价值。After the promulgation of the “Amendment to the Criminal Law(11)”, the debate on the value position of the crime of environmental pollution has not ended. Up to now, there are still two discourse ideas: the pre-regulation view of prevention and the traditional modesty doctrine. Due to the particularity of environmental pollution crime and the new stage of ecological civilization in China, the regulation view of moderate predisposition is more reasonable. Nevertheless, it is necessary to set a moderate limit to the pre-vegulation view. which requires a balance between preventing environmental pollution and protecting property rights, and between cracking down on environmental crimes and protecting victims. The essence of the regulatory position of moderate predisposition lies in the scientific grasp of the connotation and rational expression of moderation, which should not only conform to the two-way requirements of the Constitution and the basic principles of criminal law, but also take into account in advance the protection of environmental public interests and ultimate maintenance of individual interests, as well as the relative subordination requirements under the unification of law and order. The theoretical advantages and scientific nature of the moderately pre-regulated view determine that this position has important guiding value for explaining the crime of environmental pollution in the “Amendment of Criminal Law(11) ” and responding to many disputes in judicial application.

关 键 词：环境刑法 污染环境罪 适度前置化规制 预防性刑法观 刑法谦抑主义 

分 类 号：D924.36[政治法律—刑法学]