“双碳”目标下中国气候变化立法的双阶体系构造  

Double-order system construction of China’s climate change legislation under the ‘dual carbon’ goals

作　　者：余耀军[1] YU Yaojun(School of Law,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan Hubei 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2022年第1期89-96,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“金钱类环境责任的序位与衔接研究”(批准号:21BFX132),“土地收储中的政府环境责任研究”(批准号:19BFX179);国家社会科学基金重大项目“完善生态环境保护执法与司法衔接机制研究”(批准号:20ZDA090)。

摘　　要：中国在第75届联合国大会期间提出了CO2排放力争在2030年前达到峰值,在2060年前实现碳中和的"双碳"目标。"双碳"目标的确立提出了艰巨而紧迫的立法任务。由于气候变化具有全球性的特点,因此,中国未来气候变化立法的监管领域在关注国内监管空间和已有立法的同时,还应注意其国际面向的监管空间和衔接。气候变化法律具有复杂性、综合性、系统性和动态性的特点,国际上还没有通过一部气候变化法即可解决全部碳排放问题的成功先例。气候变化法律监管空间宏大,涉及领域和问题复杂多样。所涉及的领域和问题都与应对气候变化有直接或间接的关联。这决定了气候变化立法包含以实现气候政策目标为主要目的的直接立法和对气候目标实现具有支持、阻碍影响的间接立法两种类型。中国应对气候变化的立法应采用双阶体系构造模式,即直接立法加间接立法的模式。直接立法包括气候变化的框架法和专项立法,间接立法包括所有间接影响气候政策目标实现的相关法律。直接立法解决应对气候应对的目标、碳预算、管理体制、实施机制等较为集中的问题。间接立法则因为气候变化监管措施跨领域、跨部门和行业,应拓展至能源法、经济法、农业法、环境法、民商法等领域。直接立法和间接立法的有关法律制度应密切配合,彼此呼应,构成一个完整的应对气候变化的法律制度体系。以直接立法加间接立法的双阶模式构建中国的应对气候变化法律体系是应对气候变化立法模式的理性选择,并以此从不同的路径实现中国温室气体减排的目标。During the 75 th session of the United Nations General Assembly,China proposed the ‘dual carbon’ goals of peaking CO2 emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060.The establishment of the ‘dual carbon’ goals has created a difficult and urgent legislative task.Because of the global nature of climate change,the regulatory field of China’s future climate change legislation should pay attention to its international regulatory space and interface,while focusing on domestic regulatory space and existing legislation.Climate change laws are complex,comprehensive,systematic,and dynamic,and there is no successful international precedent for a single climate change law to solve all carbon emission problems.The regulatory space of climate change law is vast,and the areas and issues involved are complex and diverse in nature.These different areas and issues are all directly or indirectly related to addressing climate change.This determines that climate change legislation contains two types of legislation:direct legislation,which is mainly aimed at achieving climate policy goals,and indirect legislation,which has a supportive and hindering effect on the achievement of climate goals.China’s legislation to address climate change should adopt a double-order system construction model,i.e.,direct legislation plus indirect legislation.The direct legislation stage includes the framework law and specific laws on climate change,while the indirect legislation stage includes all relevant laws that indirectly affect the achievement of climate policy goals.Direct legislation addresses the more focused issues of climate response objectives,carbon budgets,management systems,and implementation mechanisms.Indirect legislation should be extended to energy law,economic law,agricultural law,environmental law,civil and commercial law,etc.,because climate change regulatory measures are cross-sectoral,cross-departmental,and industry-specific.The relevant legal systems of direct and indirect legislation should be closely coor

关 键 词：“双碳”目标 双阶体系构造 直接立法 间接立法 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]