土地流转与农户收入增长——基于收入结构的视角  

Farmland transfer and farmers’ income growth:based on the perspective of income structure

作　　者：柯炼 汪小勤[1] 陈地强 KE Lian;WANG Xiaoqin;CHEN Diqiang(School of Economics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China;College of Business,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410006,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学经济学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中南大学商学院,湖南长沙410006

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2022年第1期127-137,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目“‘三权分置’下异质性农户农地经营权资本化决策与差异化制度安排研究”(批准号:17YJA790040);湖南省社科基金项目“湖南新型城镇化进程中农民分化与农地经营权资本化改革研究”(批准号:14YBA401);湖南省自然科学基金项目“基于农户异质性的农地经营权资本化改革研究”(批准号:2018JJ2538)。

摘　　要：农户参与土地流转能否产生正的收入效应是一个广为社会各界关注的问题,然而已有的经验研究结论却大相径庭,文章以为对土地流转异质性影响的忽视是导致诸多土地流转收入效应研究结论不一致的关键。基于此,文章应用2010—2018五轮中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),分析土地流转对不同农户类型、不同收入来源的影响差异。基本实证结果表明:第一,土地流转确实会增加农户收入,但是主要表现为对转出农户有正的收入效应,对转入农户的家庭纯收入影响并不明显。第二,土地流转对转入农户与转出农户的不同类型收入的影响并不一致。转出户工资性收入增长幅度远高于经营性收入下降幅度,工资性收入对转出户家庭纯收入的增长贡献接近80%;转入户的经营性收入增长无法弥补工资性收入下降,导致家庭总收入水平没有显著变化。以上实证结果经双重差分模型、处理效应模型等一系列模型敏感性分析后并未改变,表明文章的基本结论是稳健的。进一步地,文章对收入异质性的原因进行分析,发现土地流转对不同农户的劳动力资源配置决策影响存在差异,转出户外出务工与创业的概率增加,非农生产的劳动力投入增加;而转入户则在农业生产中投入更多资源,包括家庭农业劳动参与增加以及农业投入增加。文章进一步的政策讨论也发现,由于转出农户对技术改进的依赖性较弱,转出农户只需要保证能够找到一份替代工作就可以获得更高的收入;但对转入农户而言,由于缺乏足够的技术帮扶,所以他们的土地生产改进有限,反而难以产生土地流转理论提到的资源配置优化,这可能会限制土地流转市场的进一步扩大。综上,文章研究为优化土地流转政策、提高土地流转参与率,并最终实现农户的社会福利改善提供了一定的理论与经验证据支持。Whether farmland transfer can produce farmers’ income growth is an issue that has been widely concerned by society.However,previous empirical studies are quite different.This paper believes that the neglect of the heterogeneity of the impact of farmland transfer has led to these different conclusions.Thus,using the China Family Panel Survey(CFPS) data during 2010-2018,this paper analyzed the impact of farmland transfer on different types of farmers and different sources of income.The basic empirical results showed that:Firstly,farmland transfer did increase the income of farmers,but it was mainly on transfer-out farmers,and the impact on the net income of transfer-in farmers was not obvious.Secondly,the impact of farmland transfer on different sources of income of the transfer-in farmers and transfer-out farmers was inconsistent.The growth rate of wage income of transfer-out households was much higher than the decline rate in operating income.And wage income contributed 80% of the growth in net income of transfer-out households;as for transfer-in households,the growth in operating income could not compensate for the decline in wage income,which eventually could not increase their total income obviously.The above empirical results did not change after a series of model sensitivity analyses such as the difference-in-differences model and the treatment effect model,indicating that the basic conclusions were robust.Furthermore,we analyzed the reasons for income heterogeneity and found that the key mechanism was on the labor resource allocation decision.Actually,for transfer-out households,farmland transfer could increase the probability of migrant work and business opportunities,as well as the labor input for non-agricultural production.On the other hand,for transfer-in households,they would invest more labor in agricultural production and increase agricultural inputs.Further policy discussions also found that due to the weak dependence of transfer-out farmers on technological improvement,the transfer-out farmers o

关 键 词：土地流转 农户收入 收入异质性 

分 类 号：F301.0[经济管理—产业经济]