稻草和麦草对干奶牛和泌乳前期奶牛生产性能的影响  

Effects of Rice Straw and Wheat Straw on Performance in Dry-off and Early Lactation Dairy Cows

作　　者：魏占军 张巧娥[2] 吴少飞 王庆 韩勇 虎丽 WEI Zhan-jun;ZHANG Qiao-e;WU Shao-fei;WANG Qin;HAN Yong;HU Li(Animal Health Supervision Institute of Yuanzhou District,Guyuan 756000;Agriculture College,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021;Zhongdi Ecological Ranch in Helan,Yinchuan 750200;Shizuishan Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Detachment,Shizuishan 753600)

机构地区：[1]固原市原州区动物卫生监督所,固原756000 [2]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [3]贺兰中地生态牧场,银川750200 [4]宁夏石嘴山市农业综合执法支队惠农大队,石嘴山753600

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2022年第2期6-10,共5页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2018BBF33006)。

摘　　要：为了研究稻草和麦草对干奶牛和泌乳前期奶牛生产性能的影响,选择体况一致、健康状况良好的干奶牛600头,采用非配对试验设计方法,随机分为试验1组(292头)和试验2组(308头),在满足干奶牛营养需要和基础日粮相近的前提下,试验1组添加稻草,试验2组添加麦草,两组营养水平基本一致,共饲喂60d,并在奶牛产犊进入泌乳期后继续监测60d。结果表明:日粮中添加稻草可极显著增加干奶牛干物质采食量和泌乳前期乳蛋白率(P<0.01),显著降低犊牛腹泻发病率(P<0.05),与添加麦草相比可提高泌乳前期产奶量,降低产后瘫痪、胎衣不下、真胃移位发病率,但差异未达显著水平(P<0.05)。结果提示,干奶期添加稻草更有利于奶牛场生产,且由于稻草成本较低,可有效节本增效,最大化合理利用本地粗饲料资源。In order to study effects of rice straw and wheat straw on performance in dry-off and lactation early dairy cows, 600 dry-off dairy cows were selected with consistent and healthy body condition, which were randomly divided into experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, rice straw were fed in the experimental group 1, wheat straw were fed in the experimental group 2, which were 292 heads and 308 heads respectively in two experimentation.Cows were fed the same total mixed diet(TMR) before entering experimentation in a consistent management manner.Nutrient levels in the two groups were basically the same adopting completely random method for 120 d trial period on the premise of meet the needs of the dry cow nutrition and similar basal rations, which dry-off period was 60 d,and early lactation period was 60 d. The results showed that adding rice straw in dry-off cows diet could significantly increase dry matter intake in dry-off and milk protein rate in early lactation milk(P < 0.01), significantly reduced the diarrhea incidence in calf(P > 0.05), could improve milk yield, lower incidence of postpartum paralysis, fetal lamina,abomasum displacement in the early lactation compared with adding straw but no significant difference. In conclusion,adding rice straw in dry-off period is more conducive to dairy production with low cost, which can effectively save cost and increase efficiency, and maximize the rational use of local roughage resources.

关 键 词：稻草 麦草 生产性能 干奶牛 泌乳前期奶牛 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]