不同职业人群新型冠状病毒疫苗接种意愿与影响因素调查  

Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination and its influencing factors among different occupational populations

作　　者：马钰 范仁义 燕斯爻 姚诺言 邹琪 黄瑞雪[1] 任国峰[1] MA Yu;FAN Ren-yi;YAN Si-yao;YAO Nuo-yan;ZOU Qi;HUANG Rui-xue;REN Guo-feng(Xiangya School of Public Health,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410078,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅公共卫生学院,湖南长沙410078

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2022年第3期281-285,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：长沙市新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情应急专题科技计划项目(kq2001036);全国大学生创业项目(20210027020001)。

摘　　要：目的了解不同职业人群新型冠状病毒疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素,为促进全民接种工作的开展提供建议。方法于2021年2月12—24日抽取社区居民进行线上自填式问卷调查,单因素分析分别采用χ;检验、基于秩的非参数检验分析分类变量、定量变量,多因素分析采用二元logistic回归模型。结果 1 076位被访者中愿意接种率为69.05%(743/1 076),其中男性接种意愿显著高于女性(P=0.002),国家规定的第一批接种人群显著高于其他职业(P<0.001)。对疫苗的态度越积极、担心程度评分越低、可说服性评分越高,则接种意愿越高(OR=0.649,95%CI:0.579~0.726;OR=1.162,95%CI:1.111~1.215;OR=0.761,95%CI:0.723~0.801)。不愿意/不确定接种的人更担心疫苗严重不良反应或副作用、保护率低、病毒变异后失效、尚处于临床试验阶段等。结论国内人群新冠疫苗接种意愿不高,通过科学宣传疫苗知识、临床试验和接种反馈情况,以及国家、医务人员倡导等方式可能改善人们对新冠疫苗的接受度。Objective To investigate the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination and its affecting factors among different occupational populations, and to provide suggestions for promoting vaccination work for the whole population. Methods We selected community residents to participate in an online self-administered questionnaire survey from February 12 to February 24, 2021. Single factors were analyzed using the Chi-squared test and non-parametric test according to the characteristics of the data. Multiple-factors were analyzed through the binary logistic regression model. Results The willingness rate of vaccination in 1,076 interviewees was 69.05%, of which the vaccination willingness was significantly higher in males than in females(P=0.002) as well as significantly higher in the first group of vaccination populations specified by the government than in other occupational populations(P<0.001). Those who had higher willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination had more positive attitudes towards vaccines, lower score of worry and higher score of persuasiveness(OR=0.649, 95%CI:0.579-0.726;OR=1.162, 95%CI:1.111-1.215;OR=0.761, 95%CI:0.723-0.801). Interviewees who were unwilling or uncertain about vaccination were more worried about serious adverse reactions or side effects of the vaccine, low protection rate, failure after the virus mutant, vaccine being in clinical trial stage, etc. Conclusion The willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination among domestic population was not high. The acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination may be improved through scientific propaganda of vaccine knowledge, clinical trial, feedback of vaccination, and advocacy by the state and medical staff.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 疫苗接种 意愿 影响因素 职业 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]