细胞永生化的研究进展  

Advances in research on cell immortalization

作　　者：闫美淋 雍芳 赵淑琴 郜原 YAN Meilin;YONG Fang;ZHAO Shuqin;GAO Yuan(College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproduction Regulation,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃动物生殖生理及繁殖调控重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2022年第2期141-146,共6页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：陇原青年创新创业人才项目(2021LQGR53);国家自然科学基金项目(32060783);甘肃省教育厅青年博士基金项目(2021QB-034)。

摘　　要：永生细胞系具有无限增殖能力,其自我更新能力、增殖分化模式、基因表达调控以及癌症等疾病研究一直以来也是分子细胞生物学领域的研究热点与难点。细胞永生化是指细胞在体外培养的时候,由于自身基因改变或者外界因素刺激,例如细胞周期检查点通路受损、端粒酶的再次激活上调、原癌基因激活等影响,使细胞分裂加快,并突破了自我衰老与凋亡机制,从而实现了无限增殖,可以进行长期传代培养。目前,科研人员已成功建立了很多不同物种、不同组织来源的永生化细胞系,在研究真核细胞发育、分子调控机制等方面发挥了重要作用,但是细胞发生永生化的分子机制和影响细胞永生的因素还需要继续探索。本文综述了目前已发现的部分细胞永生化机制,以及各种不同组织来源永生化细胞系的重要性,为揭示更多的细胞永生化机制和细胞系建立方法提供基础。Immortal cell lines have the ability to proliferate indefinitely;and their self-renewal ability, proliferation and differentiation patterns, gene expression regulation, and relation to cancers have been the research focus and difficulty in the field of molecular and cell biology. Immortalized cells refer to the cell culture in vitro. Due to their genetic changes or stimulation by external factors, such as damaged cell cycle checkpoint pathways, once-more-up-regulated telomerase activation and proto-oncogene activation, the cells accelerate their own division, surpassing their senescence and apoptosis mechanisms, resulting in their unlimited proliferation, and undergoing continuous subculture. At present, researchers have successfully established many immortalized cell lines from different species and tissues, which play an important role in the study of eukaryotic cell development and molecular regulation mechanism, but the molecular mechanism of cell immortalization and the factors affecting the immortalization require further exploring. In this review, some of the mechanisms of cell immortalization that have been discovered and the importance of immortalized cell lines from different tissues are reviewed, which provide support for revealing more mechanisms of cell immortalization and developing more methods for cell line establishment.

关 键 词：细胞永生化 端粒 胚胎干细胞 

分 类 号：S852.2[农业科学—基础兽医学]