超重力辅助溶剂-反溶剂重结晶法制备亚微米级RDX  

Preparation of Submicron RDX Particles by High-gravity Assisted Solvent-Antisolvent Recrystallization Method

作　　者：曹少博 周林裕 张亮亮 陈建峰[1,2] CAO Shao-bo;ZHOU Lin-yu;ZHANG Liang-liang;CHEN Jian-feng(Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学教育部超重力工程研究中心,北京100029 [2]北京化工大学有机无机复合材料国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2022年第1期46-52,共7页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.21606010)。

摘　　要：为了获得粒径分布均匀的细化RDX,在超重力反应器中,以丙酮-水作为溶剂-反溶剂重结晶体系,添加聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为表面活性剂,制备了亚微米级RDX。研究了RDX溶液浓度、PVP含量以及超重力反应器转速对RDX形貌和尺寸的影响,获得最优工艺条件,利用SEM、XRD和FT-IR对其形貌、晶体结构和分子结构进行了表征,并采用DSC研究了RDX的热分解过程。结果表明,在RDX溶液浓度为0.04g/mL、PVP浓度为0.2g/L、超重力反应器转速为1500r/min时,制备了平均粒径为0.54μm的亚微米级RDX,细化处理未改变RDX的晶型;与原料RDX相比,亚微米级RDX的分解峰温提前了1.2℃,热分解活化能从180~250kJ/mol降至约150kJ/mol。To obtain refined RDX with uniform particle size,submicron RDX was prepared through a high-gravity assisted solvent-antisolvent recrystallization method by using acetone-water medium as solvent-antisolvent system and the polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as surfactant.The effects of RDX solution concentration,PVP concentration and rotating speed of high-gravity reactor on the morphology and size of RDX were studied,and the optimal process conditions were obtained.The morphology,crystal structure and molecular structure of RDX were characterized by SEM,XRD and FT-IR,and the thermal decomposition process of RDX was studied by DSC.Results show that the submicron RDX with a mean particle size of 0.54μm is obtained under the following optimized conditions:the RDX concentration is 0.04g/mL,the PVP content is 0.2g/L,and the rotating speed of RPB is 1500r/min.The refinement treatment does not change the crystal form of RDX.Compared with raw RDX,the decomposition peak temperature of submicron RDX is advanced by 1.2℃,and the decomposition activation energy of submicron RDX is decreased from 180—250kJ/mol to about 150kJ/mol.

关 键 词：化学工程 亚微米RDX 超重力反应器 超重力 溶剂-反溶剂重结晶 热分解 PVP 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]