波阻抗梯度材料加强型Whipple结构撞击极限研究  

Ballistic limit of an impedance-graded-material enhanced Whipple shield

作　　者：张品亮[1] 曹燕[1] 陈川[1] 宋光明[1] 武强[1] 李宇[1] 龚自正[1] 李明[2] ZHANG Pinliang;CAO Yan;CHEN Chuan;SONG Guangming;WU Qiang;LI Yu;GONG Zizheng;LI Ming(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京卫星环境工程研究所,北京100094 [2]中国空间技术研究院,北京100094

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2022年第2期60-68,共9页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0702000);民用航天预研项目(D020304);空间碎片科研项目(KJSP2016030301)。

摘　　要：为研究一种改进型的波阻抗梯度材料防护结构Ti/Al/Mg结构的撞击极限,采用二级轻气炮以3.0~8.0 km/s的速度对Ti/Al/Mg结构、Al/Mg结构和2A12结构开展了超高速撞击实验,建立了Ti/Al/Mg结构的撞击极限曲线。结果表明:高阻抗的钛合金表层能产生更高的冲击压力和温升,使弹丸充分破碎;在面密度相同的条件下,与Al/Mg结构和2A12结构相比,Ti/Al/Mg结构具有更强的防护性能。通过理论计算得到Ti/Al/Mg结构撞击极限曲线的区间转变速度小于7.0 km/s,但其实验撞击极限曲线上并未出现明显的区间转变,在实验速度范围内,撞击极限随着撞击速度的提升而增大,这与典型Whipple结构撞击极限曲线存在差异。Impedance-graded-material enhanced Whipple shields have excellent protective performance.The purpose of this paper is to study the ballistic limit of Ti/Al/Mg shields,which is an improved impedance-graded-material enhanced Whipple shield.Hypervelocity impact experiments on Ti/Al/Mg,Al/Mg and 2A12 shields were performed using a two-stage light-gas gun at impact velocities of 3.0–8.0 km/s.The hypervelocity impact characteristics,the ballistic limit curve and shielding performance of the Ti/Al/Mg shields were studied.The reason of its excellent performance is explained by comparative analysis.As the impact velocity increases,the failure mode of the rear wall showed a detached spall or tearing damage instead of tiny perforations similar to an aluminum shield.The results show that a high-acoustic-impedance titanium alloy layer can generate higher shock pressures and induce a greater temperature increase,which is more effective for fragmenting an impacting projectile.The shock pressure and specific internal energy in the projectile increased by 23.0%and 30.7%compared to the aluminum on aluminum impact event at 8.0 km/s,respectively.The shielding capability of a Ti/Al/Mg shield is significantly greater than that of 2A12 and Al/Mg shields when the bumper has the same areal density.The critical projectile diameter of Ti/Al/Mg shields is 6.58 mm at~8.0 km/s,which is an improvement of approximately 34.8%compared to the 4.88 mm of aluminum shields.Finally,to explore the transition velocities of the ballistic limit curve of the Ti/Al/Mg shields,a theoretical analysis was conducted,which suggests that for an aluminum projectile impacting a Ti/Al/Mg bumper,this value might be<7.0 km/s.However,a transition point is not apparent in the experimental ballistic limit curve,and the critical projectile diameter increases with increasing velocity in the range of 3.0-8.0 km/s.It is different from the typical Whipple shield.Further hypervelocity impact tests and additional research needs to be conducted to study in detail the ballistic

关 键 词：超高速撞击 Whipple结构 阻抗梯度材料 撞击极限 空间碎片 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学]