一种高效的在交变磁场中加转转子的装置  

A high efficient device to accelerate rotor in an alternating magnetic field

作　　者：陈雷 贺晓霞[1] 李冬梅[1] 李海霞[1] 张嵘[1] CHEN Lei;HE Xiaoxia;LI Dongmei;LI Haixia;ZHANG Rong(Department of Precision Instrument,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学精密仪器系,北京100084

出　　处：《中国惯性技术学报》2021年第6期794-802,共9页Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(620731842);装备预研项目(41417010501)。

摘　　要：使用交变或均匀磁场对导电转子进行加速或减速的技术,广泛应用于转速稳定的静电陀螺,用于姿态控制的力矩球和磁场支持下的超高速离心机等领域。大气隙的磁性驱动器难以获得高效率。通过优化绕组的结构参数,提出了一种高效的使用交变磁场中加速导电转子的装置。首先,阐明了提高设备效率的关键因素。然后,根据器件的机械结构建立了等效磁路模型,并用基尔霍夫定律求解得到穿过球体的磁通量。通过考察磁芯材料和尺寸、气隙、漏磁通、绕组损耗和磁场均匀性等因素对磁通量的影响,推导出提高施矩效率的一般准则。基于这些准则,在设备尺寸的限制下设计出了可以产生更均匀的磁场的宽线圈绕组。接着,用3D有限元模型,仿真并验证了这些设计准则。最后,制作了窄绕线和宽绕线两种样机,并通过加速试验证明宽绕组比窄绕组获得两倍左右的加转力矩,并且产生一半的焦耳热。Accelerating or retarding a conducting rotor in alternating or uniform magnetic field is widely used in many applications such as torqueing and stabilizing electrostatic gyros,attitude control reaction sphere,and field supported ultra-high-speed centrifuges.Generally,the magnetic device with large air gap is hard to gain high efficiency.By optimize the winding shape,a high efficient device to accelerate a conducting rotor in an alternating magnetic field is proposed.Firstly,the key factors of improving the device’efficiency are elucidated.Then the magnetic equivalent circuit based on the device’s structure is modeled.The magnetic flux across the sphere is solved in terms of the Kirchhoff’s law.Factors including core material and size,air gap,leakage flux,winding loss and magnetic field uniformity are examined and some general guidelines to improve the efficiency are deduced.Based on those guidelines,a wider winding shape that generate a more uniform magnetic field with the constraint of the device size is suggested.Furthermore,a 3-D Finite Element Model(FEM)is developed and those are verified by simulation.Two prototypes with narrow winding and wide winding are compared via accelerating experiment.Test results show that the wide winding gains about 2 times as much of accelerating torque and half Joule heat loss than narrow one.

关 键 词：转子加转 交流磁场 有限元分析 等效磁路 

分 类 号：P164[天文地球—天文学]