文明论视野中的乡土叙事——《故乡》与鲁迅小说的社会批判  

Local Narration from the Perspective of Civilization Theory:“Hometown”and Social Criticismin Lu Xun’s Novels

作　　者：周仁政[1] 杜娟[1] ZHOU Renzheng;DU Juan

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学文学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2022年第1期60-65,共6页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

摘　　要：鲁迅小说《故乡》是一篇以社会文明批判为主旨的现代小说。如果说五四小说的文化批判是以张扬个性主义、建构自我的现代主体性为目标,文明批判则与之不同,其目的是造就群体和社会意义上的新风尚、新习俗。福泽谕吉认为,文明不能从个人来论定,文明论不在于讨论个人的精神发展,而是讨论广大群众的总的精神发展。所以,从文明论视野来看,《故乡》的乡土叙事有不同于鲁迅其他小说所具有的启蒙主义叙事的特殊品质。这就是:文化批判作为思想批判关乎个体改造,文明批判作为社会批判关乎社会进步,以改变社会群体的生活习惯、生存方式为目的,二者具有不同的意旨和目的性。Lu Xun’s novel“Hometown”is a modern novel with the theme of social civilization criticism.If we say the cultural criticism of the May Fourth novels aims at publicizing individualism and constructing Self-Modern subjectivity,then Civilization criticism is different,the purpose of which is to create new fashions and customs in the sense of group and society.Fukuzawa Yukichi believes that civilization cannot be defined in terms of the individual,and that the theory of civilization does not involve the spiritual development of individuals,but the overall spiritual development of the masses.In this sense,from the perspective of civilization theory,the local narrative in“Hometown”has the special quality different from that of the enlightenment narration in Lu Xun’s other novels,that is:as an ideological criticism,cultural criticism is related to individual transformation,while as a social criticism,civilization criticism is related to social progress and aims to change the living habits and living styles of social groups.They have different intentions and purposes.

关 键 词：鲁迅 《故乡》 文明批判 乡土叙事 

分 类 号：I210.976[文学—中国文学]