论扩张解释与类推适用的区分——以对我国刑法解释论之争的反思为切入点  

On the Distinction Between Extensive Interpretation and Analogy:Beginning with a Rethink of the Argument of Criminal Interpretation Theory in China

作　　者：戴民杰 DAI Minjie

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2022年第1期113-121,共9页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

摘　　要：我国形式解释论与实质解释论之争的真正焦点在于刑法解释界限的宽严问题,而这主要体现在扩张解释与类推适用的区分问题中。根据概念的内在结构,扩张解释与类推适用的根本区别在于,扩张解释的涵摄对象是解释对象的中立选项,类推适用的涵摄对象是解释对象的否定选项。区分扩张解释与类推适用应遵循三个步骤:首先,明确解释对象与涵摄对象;其次,分析解释对象所具备的现实功能要素;最后,判断涵摄对象是否具备解释对象的现实功能要素。概念的现实功能要素是概念的内在规定性,是判断国民预测可能性的客观指标。当涵摄对象具备解释对象的现实功能要素时,其为解释对象的中立选项,该解释为扩张解释;反之,则为类推适用。即便某解释属于扩张解释,仍须接受规范目的的检验,不能将不应予以采纳的扩张解释错误地当作类推适用。In China,the real focus of the argument between the formal interpretation theory and the material interpretation theory lies in the issue of the boundary of criminal interpretation,and this is mainly reflected in how to distinguish extensive interpretation and analogy.In terms of the internal structures of the concept,the basic difference between extensive interpretation and analogy lie in that under extensive interpretation,the object of subsumption is the neutral candidate for the object of interpretation,and under analogy,the object of subsumption is the negative candidate for the object of interpretation.There are three steps to distinguish extensive interpretation from analogy:firstly,we should ascertain the object of interpretation and the object of subsumption,and confirm that the object of subsumption doesn’t belong to the concept’s core of the object of interpretation;secondly,we should analyze the among-reality-function element of the object of interpretation;thirdly,we should judge whether the object of subsumption has the among-reality-function element of the object of interpretation.The among-reality-function element is the certainty of the concept and the objective index to judge the possibility of national anticipation.If the object of subsumption possesses the among-reality-function element of the object of interpretation,then it is the neutral candidate for the object of interpretation,and the interpretation belongs to extensive interpretation;if not,the interpretation belongs to analogy.Even if an interpretation belongs to extensive interpretation,it should be still inspected by the norm purpose.The extensive interpretation,which should not be adopted,ought to be distinguished from analogy.

关 键 词：解释论之争 扩张解释 类推适用 国民预测可能性 现实功能要素 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]