世界大豆生育阶段光温综合反应的地理分化和演化  

Geographic Differentiation and Evolution of Photo-Thermal Comprehensive Responses of Growth-Periods in Global Soybeans

作　　者：姜芬芬 孙磊[1] 刘方东[1] 王吴彬[1] 邢光南[1] 张焦平 张逢凯 李宁[1] 李艳[1] 贺建波[1] 盖钧镒[1] JIANG FenFen;SUN Lei;LIU FangDong;WANG WuBin;XING GuangNan;ZHANG JiaoPing;ZHANG FengKai;LI Ning;LI Yan;HE JianBo;GAI JunYi(Soybean Research Institute,Nanjing Agricultural University/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean(General)/State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学大豆研究所/农业农村部国家大豆改良中心/农业农村部大豆生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室/江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,南京210095

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第3期451-466,共16页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101500);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(PCSIRT_17R55);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(KYZ202103);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-04);教育部111项目(B08025)。

摘　　要：【目的】大豆是短日喜温植物,对光温(日长、温度)条件敏感。大豆对光温反应的敏感性是大豆重要的驯化性状和适应性性状。在自然条件下,地理位置和/或播种季节是决定野生和栽培大豆分化的重要生态因素,这两个因素均是通过日长和温度等环境因素来调控大豆的生长发育。因而研究和比较野生和栽培大豆生长发育阶段光温综合反应特性的地理和季节分化,可以为大豆引种和适应性育种提供理论依据。【方法】选取1519份世界代表性野生和栽培大豆,在安徽当涂进行2年春播和夏播田间试验,使用播季间生育期差异作为品种光温综合反应敏感性(photo-thermal comprehensive response sensitivity,PTCRS)评价指标,研究各地理生态型大豆生长发育阶段的光温反应特性。【结果】(1)大豆的光温反应特性存在于生长发育的全过程。(2)野生大豆由南向北迁移时,生育前期和全生育期PTCRS减小,生育后期PTCRS增大,光温反应类型由前敏后钝变为前钝后敏,全生育期光温反应敏感。(3)野生大豆驯化为栽培大豆后,生育前期和全生育期PTCRS分别减小20%和16%,生育后期PTCRS变化较小,主要光温反应类型由前敏后钝变为前钝后敏和前钝后钝。(4)夏秋大豆和春大豆的全生育期PTCRS均表现由南向北逐渐减小;生育前期和生育后期PTCRS的地理分化则存在差异,其中,由南向北迁移时,夏秋大豆生育前期PTCRS减小、生育后期PTCRS先增后减,春大豆生育前期PTCRS无明显变化、生育后期PTCRS减小。(5)以中国黄淮和南方作为栽培大豆的起源中心,向北传播至中国东北、俄罗斯远东和瑞典南部,生育前期、后期和全生育期PTCRS均大幅减小;向东传播至朝鲜半岛和日本岛以及向西传播至北美北部、北美南部和中南美,生育前期和全生育期PTCRS减小,生育后期PTCRS无明显变化;向南传播至东南亚、南亚和非洲,生育前期和全生育【Objective】As a short-day(SD)and thermophilic plant,soybean is sensitive to photo-thermal(day length,temperature)conditions.The sensitivity of soybeans to photo-thermal response is an important domestication and adaptability trait of soybean.Under natural conditions,geographical location and/or sowing season are two important ecological factors that determine the differentiation of wild and cultivated soybeans,and they work together to regulate the growth and development of soybeans through environmental factors such as day length and temperature.Therefore,the study of the geographical and seasonal differentiation of photo-thermal comprehensive response characteristics during growth periods of soybeans may help soybean introduction and breeding for adaption.【Method】A total of 1519 representative world wild and cultivated soybeans were selected and tested with two-year spring seeding and summer seeding field trials at Dangtu,Anhui Province.The difference in growth period between sowing seasons was used to evaluate the photo-thermal comprehensive response sensitivity(PTCRS)of each soybean accession,and to study the photo-temperature response characteristics of the growth and development stages of various geographic and ecological soybeans.【Result】(1)The photothermal response characteristics of soybeans existed throughout the period of growth and development.(2)With the migration of wild soybeans from south to north,the PTCRS of the days from sowing to flowering(DSF)and days from sowing to maturity(DSM)decreased,the PTCRS of the days from flowering to maturity(DFM)increased,and the photothermal response type changed from the front-sensitive and post-insensitive to the front-insensitive and post-sensitive,and the photothermal response of DSM is sensitive.(3)With the domestication of wild soybeans to cultivated soybeans,the PTCRS of DSF and DSM decreased by 20%and 16%,respectively,and relatively small changes were observed for the PTCRS of DFM.The main photothermal response type changed from the front-sens

关 键 词：栽培大豆(Glycine max(L.)Merr.) 野生大豆(Glycine soja Sieb.and Zucc.) 生育期性状 地理-播季光温生态反应 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]