长期施氮对酸性紫色土氨氧化微生物群落及其硝化作用的影响  

Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Application on Ammonia Oxidizer Communities for Nitrification in Acid Purple Soil

作　　者：邹温馨 苏卫华 陈远学 陈新平 郎明 ZOU WenXin;SU WeiHua;CHEN YuanXue;CHEN XinPing;LANG Ming(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Chongqing 400715;College of Resource Sciences,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院/重庆市土肥资源高效利用重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第3期529-542,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32002126);国家玉米产业体系(CARS-02-15);中央高校基本科研业务费(XDJK2019C065);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200700,2017YFD0200206)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究长期施氮对酸性紫色土壤中氨氧化古菌(AOA)和氨氧化细菌(AOB)群落特征的影响,揭示氨氧化微生物群落的驱动因子及其调控硝化作用的微生物学机制。【方法】依托四川雅安玉米体系施氮长期定位试验(始于2010年),试验处理包括5个供氮水平,即0(N0)、90(N90)、180(N180)、270(N270)和360(N360)kg N·hm^(-2),通过Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术测定AOA和AOB的群落,探究长期施氮对氨氧化微生物群落介导的硝化作用的影响。【结果】长期施氮影响AOA和AOB的α-多样性(包括丰富度指数和香农-威纳指数)、群落结构和群落组成。其中,随着施氮量的增加,AOA丰富度指数无显著变化,香农-威纳指数显著降低,AOB丰富度指数和香农-威纳指数均显著增加;长期不同供氮水平显著影响AOA和AOB的群落结构,供氮水平的增加显著降低AOB优势类群中Nitrosospira Cluster 3a.1的相对丰度(P<0.05),同时显著增加了Cluster 3a.2、Cluster 9和Cluster 1的相对丰度(P<0.05),而对AOA优势类群无显著影响。土壤pH、全氮(TN)、有机质(SOM)、NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N均显著影响AOA和AOB的α-多样性,其中,pH与AOB丰富度指数和香农-威纳指数呈显著负相关(P<0.01),而与AOA香农-威纳指数呈显著正相关,而TN、SOM、NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N与AOB丰富度指数和香农-威纳指数呈显著正相关,与AOA香农-威纳指数呈显著负相关。同时,pH、TN、NO_(3)^(-)-N、SOM和NH_(4)^(+)-N显著影响AOA和AOB的群落结构(P<0.05)。结构方程模型(SEM)的结果表明,长期施氮通过降低土壤pH、提高TN和NO_(3)^(-)-N含量、改变AOA和AOB的α-多样性和群落结构,进而提高了土壤的硝化势。【结论】长期施氮通过改变酸性紫色土壤pH、TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N和氨氧化微生物的α-多样性和群落结构进而影响了硝化势。【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of long-term nitrogen(N)application on the community characteristics of ammonia oxidizing archaea(AOA)and ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB)in acid purple soil,and to reveal the driving factors of ammonia oxidizer communities and the microbial mechanism to regulate nitrification.【Method】Relying on the long-term gradient N fertilization maize field experiment in Sichuan(beginning in 2010),the treatments included five N supply levels:0(N0),90(N90),180(N180),270(N270)and 360(N360)kg N·hm^(-2).Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine the communities of AOA and AOB,so as to explore the effect of long-term gradient N application on the nitrification mediated by ammonia oxidizer communities.【Result】Long-term N application affected theα-diversity(including sobs index and Shannon-Wiener index),community structure and community composition of AOA and AOB.As N application rate increased,the sobs index of AOA did not change significantly,while the Shannon-Wiener index of AOA decreased significantly,however,both the sobs index and Shannon-Wiener index of AOB increased significantly;long-term gradient N fertilization significantly affected the community structure of AOA and AOB.The relative abundance of the dominant AOB groups named Nitrosospira Cluster 3a.1 significantly reduced while Cluster 3a.2,Cluster 9 and Cluster 1 significantly increased with the increased of the N application(P<0.05);there were no obvious rules for the relative abundance of the dominant AOA group named clade A.pH,TN,SOM,NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N all significantly affected theα-diversity of AOA and AOB.pH was significantly negatively correlated with AOB sobs index and Shannon-Wiener index,and significantly positively correlated with AOA Shannon-Wiener index.TN,SOM,NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N were significantly positively correlated with the AOB sobs index and Shannon-Wiener index,and were significantly negatively correlated with the AOA S

关 键 词：酸性紫色土 供氮水平 氨氧化细菌 氨氧化古菌 硝化势 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]