论实现共同富裕的法律途径--以国家所有权制度为视角  

The Legal Way to Realize Common Prosperity--From the Perspective of State Ownership System

作　　者：徐海燕 XU Haiyan(School of Law,University of International Business&Economics,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学法学院,北京100029

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期79-94,共16页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(20ZDA049)。

摘　　要：实现共同富裕是公有制经济制度的核心价值追求,也是国家所有权制度的设计初衷。为落实共同富裕的社会主义本质要求,应当运用法治方式完善和落实国家所有权制度。为降低民众生活成本和企业经营成本,法律不宜将气候资源设定为国家所有权。为保障弱势群体的生存权和发展权,建议规定先占制度。为体现物尽其用、机会公平的理念,国有自然资源开发利用应坚持市场化、法治化和透明化改革方向。在有限自然资源的开发利用、基础设施和公用事业特许经营等领域,一律采取公开招投标的竞争方式选择经营者。为确保民众从国有财产中获得直接收益,建议建立国有企业的全民分红制度,优化轻徭薄赋的减税降费法治体系。为完善国家所有权的司法保护制度,建议允许国资管理部门或人民检察院对侵害国有资产的行为提起公益诉讼;建议确立人民代表诉讼制度,完善人民群众有奖举报制度。Realizing common prosperity is the core value pursuit of the public ownership economic system and the original intention of the national ownership system.In order to implement the socialist essential requirement of common prosperity,the rule of law methodology should be used to improve the state ownership system.To reduce the living costs of the people and the operating costs of businesses,the law should not define climate resources as state-owned.In order to protect the rights of survival and development of vulnerable groups,it is recommended to provide for a preemptive occupation system.The development and utilization of state-owned natural resources should adhere to the reform direction of marketization,rule of law and transparency,so as to make the best use of properties and ensure fair play.The developer should be selected through a competitive method of public bidding for the purpose of development and utilization of limited natural resources,infrastructure and public utility franchising.To ensure that the people obtain direct benefits from state-owned property,it is recommended to establish a national dividend system for state-owned enterprises.It is recommended to establish a taxpayer-friendly system of moderate tax and fee.It is suggested to improve the judicial protection system of state ownership to curb the loss of state-owned assets.It is recommended to activate public interest litigation.The state-owned assets management agency or the procuratorial agency has the right to file a public interest lawsuit against infringement on state-owned assets.It is recommended to establish a people’s representative litigation system and improve the system to reward the reporting of illegal actions.

关 键 词：共同富裕 国家所有权 自然资源 先占 全民分红 公益诉讼 

分 类 号：DF521[政治法律—民商法学] DF529[政治法律—法学]