缓效和速效氮配施对春玉米产量、养分积累及氮肥利用的影响  

Effects of Slow-Release and Readily Available Nitrogen Application on Yield,Nutrient Accumulation and Nitrogen Utilization of Spring Maize

作　　者：谢婷婷 赵欢[1] 肖厚军[1] 陈云梅 胡岗[1] 秦松[1] 何成兴[3] XIE Ting-ting;ZHAO Huan;XIAO Hou-jun;CHEN Yun-mei;HU Gang;QIN Song;HE Cheng-xing(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006;College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550006;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,贵阳550006 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550006 [3]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《玉米科学》2022年第1期130-137,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“云贵高原山地粒用玉米化肥农药减施增效综合技术集成与示范”(2018YFD0200705)。

摘　　要：为研究稳定性缓释肥与尿素配施的玉米增产增效效应,采用田间试验,设5种处理,CK(不施肥)、NPK(习惯施肥)、80%C(80%缓释肥)、60%C+20%Ub(60%缓释肥+20%尿素基肥)和60%C+20%Ut(60%缓释肥+20%尿素追肥)。结果表明,60%C+20%Ut处理能够增加有效行粒数和百粒重,显著提高春玉米产量,达10256 kg/hm^(2)。各处理玉米整株养分含量和积累量均表现出氮>钾>磷,玉米养分积累量以玉米子粒和叶的氮积累量最高,分别为153.87、106.76 kg/hm^(2);玉米茎对K的积累量最多,以60%C+20%U处理最高,为83.75 kg/hm^(2);60%C+20%Ub和60%C+20%Ut处理均能提高氮肥农学效率、偏生产力、表观利用率和氮收获指数;在经济效益上,60%C+20%Ut处理的纯收入最高。综上,在贵州黄壤区氮肥减量20%下的缓释肥和尿素配施更能促进玉米高产,达到减氮增产增效的目标。This is to study the effect of stable slow-release fertilizer and urea in increasing corn yield.In the field experiment,5 treatments were set up:CK,NPK,80%C,60%C+20%Ub,and 60%C+20%Ut.The results showed that 60%C+20%Ut could increase the effective number of rows and weight of hundred grains,and significantly increase the spring corn yield to 10256 kg/ha.The results showed that N>K>P in the whole plant of all treatments,among which the nitrogen accumulation in grain and leaf was the highest,which was 153.87 kg/ha and 106.76 kg/ha.The accumulation of K in maize stem was the highest,with 60%C+20%U as the highest,which was 83.75 kg/ha.Both60%C+20%Ub and 60%C+20%Ut can improve the agricultural efficiency,partial productivity,apparent utilization rate and nitrogen harvest index of nitrogen fertilizer.In terms of economic benefits,60%C+20%Ut has the highest net income.In summary,under the condition of 20% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer in the yellow soil area of Guizhou province,slow-release fertilizer and urea combination application can promote maize high yield and achieve the goal of reducing nitrogen and increasing yield and increasing efficiency.

关 键 词：春玉米 氮肥运作 产量 肥料利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]