氮肥减施对夏玉米生长及水氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction on Growth and Water-Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

作　　者：蔡晓 王东[2] 吴祥运 吴雨晴 林祥 张俊鹏 CAI Xiao;WANG Dong;WU Xiang-yun;WU Yu-qing;LIN Xiang;ZHANG Jun-peng(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018;College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《玉米科学》2022年第1期158-165,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010716);山东省重点研发计划(2018GNC111007);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503130)。

摘　　要：为探索夏玉米减氮增效科学生产模式,研究滴灌水肥一体化条件下氮肥减施对夏玉米形态生长指标、子粒产量、水氮利用效率及土壤硝态氮残留量的影响。以传统畦灌施氮模式(CK,施氮量300 kg/hm^(2))为对照,滴灌水肥一体化处理依据0~20 cm土层含水率进行补灌,设4个施氮水平(DN_(120):120 kg/hm^(2)、DN_(180):180 kg/hm^(2)、DN_(240):240kg/hm^(2)、DN_(300):300 kg/hm^(2))。结果表明,滴灌条件下各处理夏玉米生育期灌水量差异不大,滴灌水肥一体化夏玉米的株高、叶面积指数和地上部干质量随施氮量增加均呈增大趋势,当施氮量超过180 kg/hm^(2)时,处理间各项指标差异不显著。随着氮肥用量的增多,滴灌夏玉米子粒产量和土壤硝态氮残留量逐渐增大,水分利用效率(WUE)呈先增大后减小趋势,氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)逐渐降低。与CK和DN_(300)处理相比,DN_(180)处理玉米子粒产量无显著差异,施氮量减少40%,耗水量减少10.10%~19.99%,WUE提高4.95%~23.37%,NPFP提高56.15%~67.90%,土壤硝态氮残留量减少17.51%~47.71%。To explore the scientific production mode of reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency of summer maize,the effects of nitrogen reduction on growth indexes,grain yield,water-nitrogen use efficiency and residual nitrate nitrogen of summer maize under drip irrigation were studied.The experiment takes traditional border irrigation and nitrogen application mode(CK;nitrogen rate:300 kg/ha)as the control;the drip irrigation treatments were based on 0-20 cm soil moisture content for supplementary irrigation,and four nitrogen levels(DN_(120):120 kg/ha,DN_(180):180 kg/ha,DN_(240):240 kg/ha DN_(300):300 kg/ha)were set.The results showed that the irrigation amount of summer maize under drip irrigation increased with the increase of nitrogen application,but the difference was not significant.The plant height,leaf area index,and aboveground biomass under drip irrigation increased with the increase of nitrogen rate,but there was no significant difference when nitrogen rate exceeded 180 kg/ha.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,grain yield and residual nitrate nitrogen of summer maize under drip irrigation increased,water use efficiency(WUE)increased first and then decreased,and nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPFP)decreased gradually.Compared with CK and DN_(300) treatments,DN_(180) treatment had no significant difference in grain yield,but the amount of nitrogen application,ET and residual nitrate nitrogen decreased by 40%,10.10%-19.99% and 17.51%-47.71%,respectively.

关 键 词：夏玉米 滴灌 水肥一体化 施氮量 产量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]