两份新株型水稻品系的农艺性状与遗传特性分析  

Analyses on Agronomic Traits and Genetic Characteristics of Two New Plant-architecture Lines in Rice

作　　者：梁程 向珣朝 张欧玲 游慧 许亮 陈永军 LIANG Cheng;XIANG Xunchao;ZHANG Ouling;YOU Hui;XU Liang;CHEN Yongjun(Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学植物分子遗传育种实验室,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2022年第2期171-180,共10页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：四川省科技厅重点研发计划(重大科技专项)(2019YFN0019);西南科技大学研究生创新基金资助项目(20ycx0038)。

摘　　要：【目的】理想株型水稻能提高光合作用效率、经济产量和抗病能力。通过探究两份新株型水稻种质的农艺性状变异和遗传特性,为水稻高产抗病育种提供优异理想株型种质资源。【方法】以两个重组自交系中发现的两份自然重组的新株型种质08yi和RIL60以及由同一自交系选育出来的常规种质08yc和RILc为材料,进行不同生长时期的株型构成因子和产量性状的比较分析,同时对4份种质进行理想株型基因IPA1测序和糯性鉴定。【结果】两份新种质与常规种质相比,在不同发育时期的功能叶性状、干物质积累量、穗部性状和产量构成因素上均存在显著变异,二者发生的有利变异包括功能叶叶角减小、功能叶叶长更合理、株型紧凑、单株有效穗数增加1~2穗,结实率分别提高了7.37%和5.09%;此外,新种质08yi叶绿素含量显著提高,RIL60的茎秆变粗,二者在逆境下的穗部性状表现更好,产量降幅更小,抗逆力增强。不利变异包括单穗重降低、穗长变短、每穗着粒数和每穗实粒数减少、枝梗长度和数量下降。IPA1基因测序结果显示与少蘖粳ipa1相比,两新种质并未突变,株型变异源自于其他因子。糯性鉴定结果表明RIL60存在糯性变异。【结论】两个新种质的一些农艺性状发生了明确的有利变异,具有较理想的株型结构,可作为优异种质用于理想株型育种和株型研究。RIL60作为理想株型糯稻,由于具有非糯水稻的经济产量,具有巨大的应用价值。【Objective】Ideal plant-architecture(IPA)can increase photosynthetic efficiency,economic yield and resistance to disease of rice.The objective is to develop excellent germplasms with IPA for high-yield and resistance breeding by exploring variation in traits and genetic characteristics of two rice germplasm with new plant-architectures.【Method】The two germplasms‘08yi’and‘RIL60’with new plant-architecture from two recombinant inbred lines(RIL)by natural recombination,and their corresponding conventional germplasm‘08yc’and‘RILc’from the same RIL were used as materials.The constitute factors of plant architecture,yield traits in different developmental periods,as well as sequencing of IPA1 gene and waxy identification in four germplasm were comparatively analyzed.【Result】The functional leaf traits,dry matter accumulation at different developmental stages as well as panicle and yield traits of the two new lines were significantly different from those of conventional germplasms.Compared to the corresponding conventional germplasm,‘08yi’and‘RIL60’were featured with favorable variations including reduced angles of functional leaf,proper leaf length,compact plant architecture,an increase of 1-2 panicle in the effective panicles per plant and increased seed setting rate by 7.37%and 5.09%,respectively.In addition,the chlorophyll contents of the new germplasm‘08yi’significantly increased,and the stem of‘RIL60’was thicker than that of‘RILc’.The panicle traits of the two new germplasm under stress condition were better because they had smaller reduction of economic yield and stronger stress resistance compared to their corresponding conventional germplasm.However,their unfavorable variations include decreased panicle weight,shorter panicle length,decreased number of grains per panicle,seeds,branch length and branch number.The results of IPA1 gene sequencing showed that there were no mutations at 874 site of IPA1(C→A)in the two new germplasm compared with the Shaoniejing ipa1,an

关 键 词：水稻(Oryza sativa L.) 理想株型 农艺性状 遗传特性 IPA1基因 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]