不同植保机械喷施雾滴在水稻冠层沉积分布规律及对病虫害防效比较  

Deposition and Distribution of Droplets Sprayed by Different Plant Protection Machinery in Rice Canopy and Comparison of Control Effects on Diseases and Pests

作　　者：陈奕璇 覃贵亮 周晓欣 黄军军 蒙全 吴俊辉 闫晓静[1] 袁会珠[1] CHEN Yixuan;QIN Guiliang;ZHOU Xiaoxin;HUANG Junjun;MENG Quan;WU Junhui;YAN Xiaojing;YUAN Huizhu(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Plant Protection Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning 530022,China;Plant Protection Station of Gangnan District of Guigang City,Guigang 537100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [2]广西壮族自治区植保站,南宁530022 [3]贵港市港南区植物保护工作站,广西贵港537100

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2022年第2期207-214,共8页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32072468);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0201305)。

摘　　要：【目的】为阐明无人机与地面植保机械喷施雾滴在水稻冠层的沉积分布特征,比较其对不同冠层病虫害防治效果,科学推广及使用植保机械。【方法】采用雾滴沉积分布检测、利用率测定以及田间调查等方法,研究6种不同植保机械在水稻田喷雾后雾滴在冠层的沉积分布、利用率以及对纹枯病和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果。【结果】3种无人飞机喷施雾滴在水稻冠层的沉积密度和覆盖率差异显著,在冠层上部的沉积量较其他3种地面植保机械高,但在下部的沉积量低。不同植保机械在冠层上、中、下层的沉积密度、覆盖率以及沉积量均呈递减趋势。施药后14 d,3种无人机较其他3种地面植保机械对稻纵卷叶螟的防效更高,为73.2%~84.7%。电动喷雾器和担架式喷雾机较3种无人飞机对纹枯病的防效更高,为79.6%~85.2%。【结论】针对水稻冠层上层虫害稻纵卷叶螟使用无人飞机进行防治效果更好,针对冠层下层病害纹枯病使用施药液量较大的地面植保机械防治效果更好。【Objective】To clarify the deposition and distribution characteristics of droplets sprayed by unmanned aircrafts and ground plant protection machinery in rice canopy,compare their control effects on diseases and pests in different canopy,and scientifically popularize and use plant protection machinery.【Methods】The distribution and utilization of droplets on the canopy of six kinds of plant protection machinery were studied by means of droplet deposition distribution detection,utilization rate measurement and field investigation,and their control effects on sheath blight and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were also studied.【Results】The results showed that the deposition density and coverage of droplets sprayed by the three UAVs in rice canopy were significantly different.The deposition in the upper part of the rice canopy was higher than that of the other three ground plant protection machines,but the deposition in the lower part was lower and the difference was significant.The deposition density,coverage and deposition of different plant protection machinery on the upper,middle and lower layers of rice canopy showed a decreasing trend.Fourteen days after application,the control effect of the three kinds of unmanned aircraft on rice leaf rollers was higher than that of the other three kinds of ground plant protection machinery,up to 73.2%-84.7%.The electric sprayer and stretcher sprayer are more effective against the sheath blight than the 3 UAVs,up to79.6%-85.2%.【Conclusion】It is better to use unmanned aircraft to control rice leaf rollers in the upper layer of rice canopy,while it is better to use ground plant protection machinery with large amount of pesticide solution for sheath blight in the lower layer of canopy.

关 键 词：植保机械 纹枯病 稻纵卷叶螟 雾滴沉积分布 防治效果 

分 类 号：S435.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]