碳酸钠沉淀法处理含锌废水的响应曲面优化研究  

Optimization of Zinc-containing Wastewater Treatment by Sodium Carbonate Precipitation Using Response Surface Method

作　　者：王雷 Wang Lei(Shandong Humon Smelting Co.,Ltd.,Yantai Shandong 264109)

机构地区：[1]山东恒邦冶炼股份有限公司,山东烟台264109

出　　处：《中外能源》2022年第2期85-91,共7页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“铜冶炼重金属危废源头减量及全过程控制集成示范”(编号:2018YFC1900302)。

摘　　要：水体中的锌等重金属污染是一个世界性的环境问题,因为重金属的毒性作用会通过食物链的积累影响人类健康。以山东某冶炼企业产生的含锌废水为原料,对碳酸钠沉锌影响因素进行研究。采用响应曲面法对采用碳酸钠沉淀法处理含锌废水的工艺过程进行设计并研究了pH值、反应时间、反应温度及其交互作用对沉锌率的影响,建立了关于沉锌率的数学模型。模型方差分析表明:溶液pH值、反应时间、反应温度对沉锌率影响显著,建立的数学模型拟合度较好,获得了优化最佳工艺参数:pH值为8.5,反应时间为1.7h,反应温度为45℃。在最优条件下进行5次测定,实际均值与模型预测值相差0.12%,沉锌率为96.48%。结果表明模型预测结果可靠有效,应用响应曲面法优化得到碳酸钠沉淀法处理含锌废水工艺条件合理可行。利用ICP、XRD、SEM-EDS检测沉锌渣,结果表明沉锌渣主要为碱式碳酸锌,含锌量为55.92%。The pollution of heavy metals such as zinc in water is a worldwide environmental problem because the toxic effects of heavy metals will affect human health through the accumulation of food chain.The factors influencing the precipitation of zinc by sodium carbonate were studied using the zinc-containing wastewater generated from a smelting enterprise in Shandong Province.Response surface method was used to design the process for treating zinc-containing wastewater by sodium carbonate precipitation,the effects of pH value,reaction time,reaction temperature and their interactions on zinc precipitation rate were studied,and a mathematical model on zinc precipitation rate was established.The variance analysis of the model showed that the solution pH value,reaction time and reaction temperature had significant effects on zinc precipitation rate,and the mathematical model established had high fitting degree.Optimal process parameters were obtained,i.e.,pH value 8.5,reaction time 1.7 hand reaction temperature 45℃.Five measurements were carried out under the optimal conditions.The difference between the actual mean value and the predicted value was 0.12%,and the zinc precipitation rate was 96.48%.The results showed that the prediction results of the model were reliable and effective,and the process conditions for treating zinc-containing wastewater by sodium carbonate precipitation obtained using response surface method were reasonable and feasible.The zinc slag precipitated was detected by ICP,XRD and SEM-EDS,and the results showed that the zinc slag precipitated was mainly basic zinc carbonate with a zinc content of 55.92%.

关 键 词：沉淀法 含锌废水 沉锌率 响应曲面法 碱式碳酸锌 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]