国家通用语言文字应用能力对少数民族劳动力收入的影响——基于CGSS数据的实证研究  

The Influence of National Common Language Application Ability on the Income of Labor Force of Ethnic Minorities--An Empirical Study Based on CGSS Data

作　　者：苏荟[1] 张新亚 SU Hui;ZHANG Xinya

机构地区：[1]石河子大学师范学院

出　　处：《湖北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期85-98,共14页Journal of Hubei Minzu University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团社会科学基金重点项目“国家通用语言文字普及教育对兵团少数民族劳动力就业及收入的影响效应研究”(20ZD02)。

摘　　要：利用CGSS2012—2017数据对少数民族劳动力国家通用语言文字应用能力(普通话能力)的收入效应进行实证分析,研究发现:第一,普通话能力对少数民族劳动力的收入具有正向显著影响;第二,这种影响的作用机制在于普通话能力有助于减少劳动力在不同地区和部门之间转移的成本,增加迁移成功的概率,从而获得更优的经济回报;第三,在达到一定程度后,随着收入水平的提升,普通话能力对收入的溢出效应逐渐减小;非农就业中的企事业单位、自雇或自办企业与东部地区的普通话回报率最为明显。基于此,需加大国家通用语言文字推广力度,提升少数民族劳动力的普通话能力和人力资本水平,以增加少数民族劳动力收入,促进社会和谐发展。Using CGSS2012—2017 data to conduct an empirical analysis of the income effect of the national common language application ability of labor force of ethnic minorities,the study has found out that:First,the national common language application ability(ability of common speech of the Chinese language)has a positive and significant impact on the income of labor force of ethnic minorities.Second,the mechanism of this influence is that the ability of common speech of the Chinese language helps to reduce the cost of labor transfer between different regions and departments,increase the probability of success,and obtain better economic returns.Third,after reaching a certain level,as the income level increases,the spillover effect of ability of common speech of the Chinese language on income gradually decreases;in non-agricultural employment in enterprises and institutions,self-employed or self-owned enterprises and the eastern region,the return rate of common speech of the Chinese language is the most obvious.Based on this,it is proposed to step up the popularization of the national common spoken and written language,improve the ability of common speech of the Chinese language and human capital level of the labor force of ethnic minorities so as to increase the income and promote the harmonious development of society.

关 键 词：国家通用语言文字应用能力 少数民族劳动力 收入效应 劳动力迁移 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] H002[经济管理—国民经济]