基本公共服务均等化如何促进了个人创业--来自医保改革的证据  

How Does Social Insurance Promote Entrepreneurship?Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment

作　　者：戴芸[1] 王永钦[2] DAI Yun;WANG Yongqin(Sun Yat-sen University,510275;Fudan University,200433)

机构地区：[1]中山大学岭南学院,510275 [2]复旦大学经济学院,200433

出　　处：《财贸经济》2022年第2期39-53,共15页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“信息竞赛视角下的盈余管理和内部人交易:模型、实验和实证”(71803201):国家自然科学基金项目“中国债券市场和货币市场的流动性风险与违约风险:识别、评估与防范”(72073034)。

摘　　要：在高质量发展目标下,推行基本公共服务均等化、促进大众创业是中国经济新常态下的工作重点。基于中国城镇职工基本医疗保险在创业者和非创业者之间可得性的外生差异,本文使用中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)的微观数据,研究社会保险这一基本公共服务在创业者和非创业者之间的相对可得性如何影响个人的创业决策。我们发现,如果城镇职工基本医疗保险对于非创业者更可得,将成为“创业枷锁”,降低个人选择创业的可能性;如果城镇职工基本医疗保险对于创业者更可得,将成为“创业催化剂”,提高个人选择创业的可能性。此外,我们发现,城镇职工基本医疗保险的“创业催化剂”作用对于来自中等收入家庭和小家庭的个人更为显著,而“创业枷锁”效应则更多地影响城镇职工基本医疗保险在薪酬体系中重要性更高的个体。本文认为中国的社会保险对于大众创业具有积极正面的影响。这对于我国社会保险制度的设计和促进经济高质量发展具有重要意义。Whether social insurance is a constraint or facilitator of entrepreneurship is an open question for economists and policy makers.Based on the results of China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS),this paper seeks to address this question by exploiting exogenous variations in the policy coverage of medical insurance between employees vis-à-vis entrepreneurs.Using both the probit model and linear probability model,the paper finds that the availability of social insurance to entrepreneurs stimulates their entrepreneurship,while a high coverage of social insurance among non-entrepreneurs discourages entrepreneurial activities.To explore potential causal mechanisms,we find that increasing the insurance coverage can encourage entrepreneurship by relaxing credit and risk constraints.The endogeneity problem is addressed by a falsification test,a Heckman self-selection model,and a test of timing.All the empirical results support the robustness of our conclusion.To our knowledge,we are among the first to empirically establish the significance of social insurance on entrepreneurship in China.

关 键 词：城镇职工基本医疗保险 大众创业 创业枷锁 创业催化剂 

分 类 号：F84[经济管理—保险]