国际海底区域环境保护制度分析与中国实践  

The International Seabed Environmental Protection System and China’s Practice

作　　者：万浏 刘大海 王小华 王春娟 WAN Liu;LIU Dahai;WANG Xiaohua;WANG Chunjuan(College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China;Institute of Marine Development,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院,青岛266100 [2]自然资源部海岸带科学与综合管理重点实验室,青岛266061 [3]中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院,青岛266100

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2022年第2期11-17,共7页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项项目.

摘　　要：为促进国际海底区域资源开发和环境保护的协调可持续发展,提高我国在相关领域的话语权和执行力,文章系统分析国际海底区域环境保护制度的发展特征及其存在的问题,总结我国对国际海底区域环境保护的实践和展望,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:国际海底区域环境保护制度经历萌芽、成形、发展和充实4个阶段,发展特征主要包括理念的更新、原则的完善以及义务和责任的明确,然而至今在规章环境保护条款、《联合国海洋法公约》非缔约国的环境保护权责和相关利益平衡等方面仍存在问题;我国从参与制定相关制度和开展国内法探索等方面积极实践国际海底区域环境保护;未来应从制定环境保护标准、探索政策环境和平衡各方利益等方面完善国际海底区域环境保护制度,我国应继续参与相关国际法律制度的制定以及完善国内海洋环境保护制度。To promote the balanced and sustainable development of resources exploitation and environmental protection in international seabed area,improve the discourse power and execution of China in relevant field,this paper systematic analyzed the development characteristics of international seabed area environmental protection system and its existing problems.The paper also summarized China′s practice and expectation of environment protection in international seabed area,and put forward countermeasures and suggestions.The research results showed that the environmental protection system of international seabed area had experienced 4 stages:germination,formation,development and enrichment,and development features of which mainly included the renewal of the concept,the perfection of principles,and the definition of obligations and responsibilities.However,there were still some problems in the current environmental protection clauses in Exploitation of Mineral Resources in the Area,the environmental protection rights and responsibilities of non-contracting states to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,and the balance of interests.China actively practiced environmental protection of international seabed area by participating in the formulation of relevant systems and exploring domestic laws.In the future,formulating environmental protection standards,exploring policy environment and balancing the interest of all parties can improve the environmental protection system of international seabed area.China should continue to participate in the formulation of relevant international legislation system and improve domestic marine environmental protection system.

关 键 词：国际海底区域 深海环境保护 环境保护制度 深海矿产资源 人类共同继承财产 

分 类 号：DF90[政治法律—国际法学] P744[政治法律—法学]