船舶压载水的生物入侵分析  

The Biological Invasion Caused by Ship Ballast Water

作　　者：谢艳辉 李家侨 斯泽恩 郑舒尹 刘建芳 张娜 XIE Yanhui;LI Jiaqiao;SI Zeen;ZHENG Shuyin;LIU Jianfang;ZHANG Na(Zhanjiang Custom District Technology Center,Zhanjiang 524000,China)

机构地区：[1]湛江海关技术中心,湛江524000

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2022年第2期95-99,共5页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：海关总署科研项目(2021HK007、2019HK038);湛江海关科研项目(2018GDK35).

摘　　要：船舶压载水的转运和排放是水生生物入侵的重要途径。为保障我国海洋生态和水产养殖安全,文章基于我国航运大国地位,介绍船舶压载水排放带来的生物入侵及其相关国际标准和法律规定,并对我国船舶压载水监管提出建议。研究结果表明:由船舶压载水引起的生物入侵主要包括浮游生物和微生物;目前国际对于船舶压载水排放主要执行D-2标准,很多国家均以法律手段对船舶压载水进行监管;我国在加快船舶压载水立法的同时,应加强基础数据研究、制定统一的规范标准和扩展关注领域。In order to ensure the safety of marine ecology and aquaculture in China,this paper introduced the biological invasion caused by ship ballast water discharge and its related international standards and legal provisions,and put forward some suggestions for the regulation of ship ballast water,for China is the third largest shipping country in the world.The results showed that the biological invasion caused by ship ballast water mainly included plankton and microorganisms.At present,the international ballast water discharge was mainly implemented by D-2 standard,and many countries regulated the ballast water by legal means.While accelerating the legislation of ship ballast water,China should strengthen basic data research,formulate unified norms and standards,and expand the fields of concern.

关 键 词：船舶压载水 生物入侵 生态安全 海关 监管 

分 类 号：U691.6[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] P76[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]