日粮添加益生菌对干乳期奶牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及氮平衡的影响  

Effects of probiotics on growth performance,rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance of dairy cows under dry milk period

作　　者：王志刚 WANG Zhigang(Animal Epidemic Prevention Station,Wangdianzi Town,Luanzhou City,Hebei Province,Luanzhou,Hebei Province 003700,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省滦州市王店子镇动物防疫站,河北滦州003700

出　　处：《中国饲料》2022年第4期45-48,共4页China Feed

摘　　要：本研究旨在评估全混合日粮添加益生菌对干乳期奶牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及氮平衡的影响。试验将体重为(440.92±3.33)kg、平均干乳期为42d的60头荷斯坦奶牛随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复6头。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型全混合日粮,处理组饲喂基础全混合日粮+200mg/kg益生菌(枯草芽孢杆菌含量:1×10^(6)CFU/g)。结果:干乳期奶牛的全混合日粮添加益生菌对其体重、采食量和料重比以及营养物质消化率无显著影响(P>0.05),但益生菌组干乳期奶牛的平均日增重较对照组显著提高了10.69%(P<0.05)。干乳期奶牛全混合日粮中添加益生菌对瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸总量、乙酸、丙酸、戊酸和异戊酸浓度及乙酸与丙酸比值无显著影响(P>0.05)。益生菌组奶牛瘤胃pH、氨氮、丁酸和异丁酸浓度较对照组分别显著提高1.71%、59.22%、13.61%和19.54%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,益生菌组干乳期奶牛的氮沉积量显著提高48.46%(P<0.05),而尿氮排泄量和血浆非酯化脂肪酸浓度分别显著降低13.50%和44.44%(P<0.05)。结论:干乳期奶牛全混合日粮中添加益生菌对其养分消化、体重和饲料效率无改善作用,但提高了日增重、瘤胃丁酸、异丁酸浓度和氮沉积,降低了尿氮排泄量。The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of total mixed diet supplemented with probiotics on growth performance,rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance of dry dairy cows.Sixty Holstein dairy cows with an average body weight of(440.92±3.33)kg and an average dry milk period of 42 days were randomly divided into 2 groups with 5 replicates per group and 6 cows per replicate.The control group was fed a corn-soybean meal total mixed diet,and the treatment group was fed a basal total mixed diet+200 mg/kg probiotics(Bacillus subtilis content:1×10^(6) CFU/g).Results:The total mixed diet supplemented with probiotics had no significant effects on body weight,feed intake,feed/gain and nutrient digestibility of dry dairy cows(P>0.05),but the average daily gain of dry dairy cows in probiotics group was significantly increased by 10.69%compared with the control group(P<0.05).Probiotics supplementation had no significant effects on the total volatile fatty acids(VFA),concentrations of acetic acid,propionic acid,valeric acid and isovaleric acid and ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in the rumen of dry dairy cows(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,rumen pH value,ammonia nitrogen,butyric acid and isobutyric acid concentrations in probiotics group were significantly increased by 1.71%,59.22%,13.61%and 19.54%(P<0.05),respectively.Compared with control group,nitrogen deposition in probiotics group was significantly increased by 48.46%(P<0.05),urine nitrogen excretion and plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration were significantly decreased by 13.50%and 44.44%(P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:Supplementation of probiotics in total mixed diet of dry dairy cows has no effect on nutrient digestion,body weight and feed efficiency,but can increase daily gain,rumen butyric acid and isobutyric acid concentrations and nitrogen deposition,and reduce urinary nitrogen excretion.

关 键 词：益生菌 奶牛 生长性能 瘤胃发酵 氮平衡 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]