句末助词“哟”的分布规律与语义关联图  

On the Distribution of the Sentence-final Particle Yo(哟)

作　　者：杨才英[1] 赵春利[2] YANG Caiying;ZHAO Chunli(College of Foreign Studies,Jinan University;不详)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学外国语学院 [2]暨南大学中文系

出　　处：《当代语言学》2022年第1期76-93,共18页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(16ZDA209);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(暨南领航计划19JNLH04);广东省高等学校珠江学者岗位计划资助项目(2019);2017年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“汉语情态副词的语义提取与分类验证研究”(17BYY026)的资助。

摘　　要：本文以语义语法的理论和方法为指导,细致描写并严格验证句末助词“哟”的句子功能分布规律,提取并勾勒出包含轻松心态、亲和态度、已有语义和提醒功能的“哟”语法意义及其语义关联图。首先,综述前人对“哟”的形成原因与语法意义的研究,并指明语法意义的独立性及其所制约的语法形式的规律性是句末助词“哟”的字形规范及其语音稳固的语法基础。其次,通过全面描写并验证句末助词“哟”与陈述句、祈使句、感叹句和疑问句及其语义类型的选择或排斥关系,揭示“哟”的分布规律;最后,把句末助词“哟”的语法意义概括为说话者基于轻松心态,以亲和的人际态度把已有的事物、行为和情感等语义信息提供给听话者以唤醒其注意,据此勾勒出“哟”的语义关联图,并通过同现词语、复句分布和语用焦点来验证轻松心态、亲和态度及其提醒功能。This paper presents a thorough investigation into the sentence-final particle yo,by providing a detailed description of its distribution based on real data from corpus,a clear generalization about its semantic compatibility and syntactic co-occurrence patterns with regard to various sentence types,modals and adverbs,and a principled explanation of these properties within the framework of semantic grammar.The main findings are that yo represents the speaker’s judgement on the proposition of the sentence to which it is attached,as well as the speaker’s way of presenting his or her idea to the listener based on the relationship between the two sides.The discussion starts with a summary of previous discussions and analyses on the origin and properties of yo,and proceeds to exam the restrictions on the attachment of yo to various types of sentences.The conclusion is that yo can be attached to declarative sentences,but only to those bearing information which is known to the speaker and is considered must-know to the listener.Yo can be attached to imperative sentences,but only to those representing the speaker’s urge or plea to the listener for fulfilling some duty or obligation.Yo can also be attached to most exclamative sentences,to indicate that the speaker invites the listener to echo the passion or emotion embodied in the sentences.Yo can be attached to these three types of sentences but not to interrogative sentences.The co-occurrence pattern is apparently determined by the compatibility of yo and the proposition represented by these sentences,in that yo is only compatible with propositions bearing information already known to the speaker but not with propositions seeking unknown information.In certain cases,yo is attached to sentences that look like wh-questions or A-not-A questions,and these are not real questions demanding answers but are the speaker’s special way of presenting known information to the listener,namely,as some kind of rhetoric questions.The semantic compatibility is also responsible for

关 键 词：语义语法 轻松心态 亲和态度 提醒功能 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]