麦田土壤解磷细菌的筛选及其解磷能力研究  

Isolation and Phosphate Solubilizing Capability of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in a Wheat Field

作　　者：孙亚钦 叶盛嘉 范国安 张影[1] 刘星[1] 吴大付[1] 王菲[1] SUN Yaqin;YE Shengjia;FAN Guo’an;ZHANG Ying;LIU Xing;WU Dafu;WANG Fei(School of Resources and Environment,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang Henan 453003,China;College of Grassland and Environment Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院资源与环境学院,河南新乡453003 [2]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2022年第3期379-387,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31872184);河南科技学院大学生创新训练计划(2021CX45);河南科技学院高层次人才科研项目(2016031)。

摘　　要：选用以植酸钙为磷源的培养基,对麦田土壤中的解磷细菌进行分离筛选,利用16S rRNA基因测序技术鉴定解磷细菌种类并构建系统进化树,根据培养液的实际pH测定其磷酸酶活性,利用溶磷圈法和钼锑抗比色法对其解磷能力进行测定。从麦田土壤中共筛选鉴定出5株解磷菌株,分别隶属于Bacillus、Arthrobacter和Pseudarthrobacter;5株解磷菌株对应的培养液pH显著下降,实际磷酸酶活性为5.18~6.39μg/(mL·min),从植酸钙中活化出的速效磷含量为2.49~3.55 mg/L,活化率为19.28%~43.54%,其对应培养液中的磷酸酶活性与pH以及速效磷含量之间分别呈现极显著的负相关关系和正相关关系。结果表明解磷能力最强的是菌株FLP36,属于Bacillus。In the present study,phytin,a kind of organic P,was chosen as sole P source in the medium to isolate phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the soil collected form a wheat field.Identification of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and construction of phylogenetic tree was subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology.The phosphatase activity of the isolated phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains was determined according to the actual pH of the culture medium.The phosphate-solubilizing ability was measured by the combination of the solubilization halo method and molybdenum blue method.Five phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains were identified and affiliated to the genus of Bacillus,Arthrobacter and Pseudarthrobacter,respectively.Compared with the initial pH,the pH of the culture medium corresponding to the five phosphate-solubilizing strains was significantly decreased and the actual phosphatase activity ranged from 5.18 to 6.39μg/(mL·min).The concentration of soluble P mobilized from phytin ranged from 2.49 to 3.55 mg/L and the mobilization ratio ranged from 19.28%to 43.54%.The phosphatase activity in the corresponding liquid medium was significantly and negatively correlated with pH,while was significantly and positively correlated with soluble P concentration.The strain with most powerful capability to mobilize phytin belonged to Bacillus.These results provide a theoretical basis for studying on the mobilization of soil organic P by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and useful reference for development and application of microbial fertilizers.

关 键 词：解磷细菌 溶磷圈 有机磷 磷酸酶活性 解磷能力 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S182[农业科学—农业基础科学]