浙江省大气颗粒物PM_(2.5)中全氟化合物污染特征分析及健康风险评估  

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Perfluorinated Compounds in PM_(2.5) in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：李冰洁 陈金媛 刘铮铮 王静 何士冲 LI Bing-jie;CHEN Jin-yuan;LIU Zheng-zheng;WANG Jing;HE Shi-chong(College of Environment,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China;Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center,Hangzhou 310012,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学环境学院,杭州310014 [2]浙江省生态环境监测中心,杭州310012

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第2期639-648,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金探索项目Y(LY20B070009);浙江省毒品防控技术研究重点实验室开放课题项目(2019005)。

摘　　要：全氟化合物作为"典型新型污染物",近年来受到环境工作者的广泛关注.采用加速溶剂萃取仪,以2:1的二氯甲烷:丙酮混合溶剂萃取和超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析采集到的浙江省大气颗粒物PM_(2.5)样品中全氟化合物的浓度,研究PM_(2.5)中全氟化合物的污染特征.结果表明,12种全氟化合物(Σ_(12) PFCs)]日均总浓度在131.63~578.53 pg·m^(-3),冬季污染水平略高于秋季.全氟磺酸类化合物的浓度远低于全氟羧酸类化合物;磺酸类中全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)污染最严重,平均在12.90 pg·m^(-3);羧酸类化合物浓度大小为:全氟辛酸(PFOA)>全氟己酸(PFHxA)>全氟庚酸(PFHpA),长链PFCs的检出率远低于短链PFCs.利用HYSPILT-4模型计算采样点QZ气团输送轨迹并聚类,发现该采样点后向轨迹时间差异较大,气团来源影响浓度大小;前向轨迹证实PFCs可随大气短时间内发生远距离传输.全氟十一烷酸(PFUdA)与全氟十四烷酸(PFTeDA)的相关系数达到了0.68,全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)与全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的相关系数为0.66,推测存在相同污染源;PFCs浓度与PM_(2.5)浓度呈正相关,预示灰霾天人们所受健康风险更高.通过风险商估算,初步判明浙江省PM_(2.5)中的PFCs不会对人体产生健康风险.As typical new pollutants,perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)have been widely concerned by environmental workers in recent years.This study was carried out to investigate the pollution characteristics of perfluorinated compounds in atmospheric particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in Zhejiang Province.The chemical extraction of PM_(2.5) was performed using the accelerated solvent extraction(ASE)method with mixed dichloromethane and acetone(2:1).The chemical analysis was implemented by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The results showed that the daily average concentration of the sum of 12 PFCs(Σ_(12) PFCs)ranged from 131.63 pg·m^(-3) to 578.53 pg·m^(-3),which was slightly higher in winter compared to that in autumn.The concentrations of perfluorosulfonic acids(PFSAs)were much lower than those of perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs).PFOS was the primary contaminant among PFASs,with an average concentration of 12.90 pg·m^(-3).The content of PFCAs exhibited a trend of PFOA>PFHxA>PFHpA,and the detection rate of long-chain PFCs was much lower than that of short-chain PFCs.The hysplit-4 model was used to calculate the QZ air mass transport trajectory.The results indicated that the backward trajectory of this point was significantly different along time,and the source of air mass rarely affected the concentration.The forward trajectory confirmed that PFCs can be transmitted over long distances in the atmosphere in a short time.The correlation coefficient between PFUdA and PFTeDA was evaluated to be 0.68,and that between PFHxS and PFOS was 0.66,suggesting the same sources of these chemicals.The content of PFCs was positively correlated with PM_(2.5),indicating that people might suffer from higher health risks on haze days.The risk quotient estimation implied no health risk of PFCs in PM_(2.5) in Zhejiang Province.

关 键 词：全氟化合物(PFCs) PM_(2.5) 加速溶剂萃取仪(ASE) 超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS) 风险评估 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]