铁改性石英砂过滤协同控制饮用水含氮消毒副产物和条件致病菌  

Synergistic Control of Nitrogenous Disinfection By-products and Opportunistic Pathogens in Drinking Water by Iron-Modified Quartz Sand Filtration

作　　者：齐鹏 胡春 邢学辞[1] 毕志浩 李泽松 QI Peng;HU Chun;XING Xue-ci;BI Zhi-hao;LI Ze-song(Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta,Ministry of Education,Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学大湾区环境研究院珠江三角洲水质安全与保护教育部重点实验室,广州510006 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心饮用水科学与技术重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第2期887-895,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52000043);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51838005);广东省“珠江人才计划”引进创新创业团队项目(2019ZT08L387);广州市科技计划基础与应用基础研究项目(202102020986);中国科学院饮用水科学与技术重点实验室开放基金项目(20K01KLDWST)。

摘　　要：石英砂在给水工艺中最主要的作用为去除浊度,其固-液界面的微生物作用受到忽视.为了解决普通石英砂(sand)在控制消毒副产物和条件致病菌有限的问题,将普通石英砂改性为铁改性石英砂(Fe-sand),用气相色谱-ECD测定了典型含氮消毒副产物(N-DBPs)和含碳消毒副产物的最大生成势.结果表明,Fe-sand对卤代硝基甲烷,卤乙酰胺和卤乙腈生成的抑制效果分别提升了51.51%、43.66%和90.6%.此外,基于定量qPCR检测了Hartmanella vermiformis、Legionella spp.、Mycobacterium spp.、M.avium和Naegleria spp.的基因拷贝数,发现Fe-sand对条件致病菌同样有显著地抑制作用.Fe-sand对NOM的去除提升能力有限,但Fe-sand滤料表面生物膜分布较为均匀、不易脱落且更稳定,其出水悬浮态生物膜则较难聚集,胞外蛋白α螺旋二级结构消失,因而极容易被氯穿透,有效抑制了出水中生物膜对N-DBPs和条件致病菌的持续贡献.Fe-sand固-液界面显著改变了微生物群落和悬浮生物膜的形态,对保障饮用水水质安全提供了新的思路,对水厂现有工艺的提升和改造起到良好的理论支撑作用.The main function of quartz sand in drinking water treatment has been to remove turbidity, while the microbial effect of its solid-liquid interface has been ignored. In order to solve the limitations of control of the disinfection by-products(DBPs) and opportunistic pathogens(OPs) in common quartz sand, the common quartz sand was modified to iron sand. The maximum DBPs formation potential of typical nitrogenous disinfection by-products(N-DBPs) and carbonaceous disinfection by-products was determined using gas chromatography-ECD. Compared with those of sand, the inhibition effects of halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and haloacetonitriles by the Fe-sand were increased by 51.51%, 43.66%, and 90.6%, respectively. In addition, the gene copy numbers of Hartmanella vermiformis,Legionella spp., Mycobacterium spp., M. avium, and Naegleria spp. were detected via quantitative qPCR, and the results indicated that the Fe-sand did have a similar significant inhibitory effect on OPs. The Fe-sand had limited ability to enhance the removal of NOM. However, the Fe-sand effectively inhibited the continuous contribution of biofilm to N-DBPs and opportunistic pathogens. The distribution of biofilms on the surface of the Fe-sand filter media was uniform, not likely to fall off, and more stable;however, the suspended biofilms in the effluent were more difficult to aggregate. In addition, the α-helix of the secondary structure in the extracellular protein disappeared in the effluent of the Fe-sand. Therefore, the whole suspended biofilm was easily penetrated by chlorine. The Fe-sand solid-liquid interface did significantly change the microbial community structure and suspended biofilm characteristics, which provides a new concept to ensure the safety of drinking water quality and plays a good theoretical supporting role in the improvement and transformation of the existing process in drinking water treatment plants.

关 键 词：铁改性石英砂(Fe-sand) 含氮消毒副产物(N-DBPs) 条件致病菌 胞外多聚物 微生物群落 

分 类 号：TU991.25[建筑科学—市政工程]