四川羚牛和水鹿在舔盐过程中警戒行为的对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Vigilance Behavior of Budorcas tibetanus and Rusa unicolor during Salt Licking

作　　者：叶平[1] 严新巧 刘成龙 龙梅 王敏[1] 王鹏彦[1] 管晓 YE Ping;YAN Xinqiao;LIU Chenglong;LONG Mei;WANG Min;WANG Pengyan;GUAN Xiao(Administration of Wolong National Nature Reserve,Aba,Sichuan 623006,China;Sichuan Top IT Vocational Institute,Chengdu 611743,China;Chongqing Ecoshui Environmental Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400010,China)

机构地区：[1]四川卧龙国家级自然保护区管理局,四川阿坝623006 [2]四川托普信息技术职业学院,四川成都611743 [3]重庆依科斯辉环保工程有限公司,重庆400010

出　　处：《林业调查规划》2022年第1期19-27,共9页Forest Inventory and Planning

基　　金：中央财政林业改革发展资金(510000-01-103644);林业国家级自然保护区国家重点生态功能区转移支付禁止开发区补助资金(510000-01-095703).

摘　　要：通过远程视频监控系统对卧龙自然保护区五一棚臭水观察区域的野生四川羚牛和水鹿在舔盐过程中警戒行为进行观察,对比分析其警戒行为的日活动规律以及性别、年龄、季节、群体大小对警戒行为的影响。结果表明:羚牛和水鹿警戒行为的日活动规律存在差异,羚牛警戒行为的时间占比为0.27%,水鹿占比为13.03%,水鹿的警戒性比羚牛高;在性别上,羚牛和水鹿均是雌性警觉性比雄性高;在年龄上,羚牛和水鹿均是成体的警惕性最高,其次是亚成体,最后是幼体;在季节上,羚牛和水鹿警戒行为发生最多均为冬季;在群体大小上,警戒频率与群体大小成反比;水鹿和羚牛同时出现,水鹿只数大于羚牛或其正在行动时,羚牛会有很高的警惕性,与水鹿保持安全距离并先行离开,为避免领域竞争冲突,羚牛和水鹿的防御行为均为逃离。The vigilance behavior of of Budorcas tibetanus and Rusa unicolor during salt licking in the Choushui area of Wuyipeng in Wolong National Nature Reserve was observed by the remote video monitoring system,and the daily activity law of vigilance behavior and the effects of gender,age,season and group size on vigilance behavior were compared and analyzed.The results showed that there were differences in the daily activity patterns of Budorcas tibetanus and Rusa unicolor,and the vigilance time proportion of Budorcas tibetanus was 0.27%while that of Rusa unicolor was 13.03%,which was higher than Budorcas tibetanus;in terms of gender,both Budorcas tibetanus and Rusa unicolor were females with higher alertness;in terms of age,Budorcas tibetanus and Rusa unicolor were adults with the highest alertness,followed by sub-adults,and finally larvae;the warning behavior of Budorcas tibetanus and Rusa unicolor occurred most in winter;the warning frequency was inversely proportional to the group size;Budorcas tibetanus would have high vigilance,keep a safe distance from Rusa unicolor and leave first when appeared at the same time and Rusa unicolor was more or was moving.In order to avoid competition and conflict in the field,the defensive behavior of Budorcas tibetanus and Rusa unicolor was to escape.

关 键 词：四川羚牛 水鹿 警戒行为 舔盐习性 卧龙国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：S758.6[农业科学—森林经理学] Q959.842[农业科学—林学]