生物炭减缓农业生态系统土壤N_(2)O排放的研究进展  

Review on biochar mitigating the soil N_(2)O emission from agro-ecosystems

作　　者：沈芳芳 罗昌泰 廖迎春 房焕英 周际海 沈发兴 袁颖红 SHEN Fangfang;LUO Changtai;LIAO Yingchun;FANG Huanying;ZHOU Jihai;SHEN Faxing;YUAN Yinghong(Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevention,Nanchang 330029,China;Key Laboratory of Degraded Ecosystem Restoration and Watershed Ecological Hydrology,Nanchang 330099,China;Anhui Procincial Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室,南昌330029 [2]江西省退化生态系统修复与流域生态水文重点实验室,南昌330099 [3]重要生物资源保护与利用研究安徽省省级重点实验室,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2022年第2期202-213,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760167,41661065,31960308);江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室2020年度开放基金项目。

摘　　要：为进一步厘清生物炭在减缓农业生态系统土壤N_(2)O排放的作用和机制,本研究基于CNKI、Springer、Wiley和Science Direct数据库,以"生物炭"、"农业生态系统"、"N_(2)O"为关键词,搜索2008—2021年相关文献,并进行了总结和归纳。结果表明:土壤N_(2)O可通过多种微生物过程产生,其中硝化作用和反硝化作用是主要过程,硝化细菌反硝化、硝态氮异化还原成铵、化学反硝化等非生物过程也可产生N_(2)O;生物炭添加对土壤N_(2)O排放影响的结论不一,多数研究认为生物炭有利于减少土壤N_(2)O的排放,少数认为生物炭刺激了土壤N_(2)O的排放或对其无影响;提出了生物炭减缓土壤N_(2)O排放机制(生物炭本身理化性质的差异、生物炭影响土壤理化性质和氮转化过程);并分析了生物炭降低堆肥土壤N_(2)O排放的潜力和生物炭促进酸性土壤的植物生产力。最后,基于上述研究提出三点展望:有必要建立生物炭特性数据库;系统性的加强生物炭在N_(2)O减排潜力的估算;进行长期野外田间试验的必要性。In order to further clarify the role and mechanism of biochar in mitigating soil N_(2)O emissions from agroecosystems,this study was based on CNKI,Springer,Wiley,and Science Direct databases with“biochar OR agroecosystems”and“N_(2)O OR nitrous oxide”(researches published during 2008to 2021)as keywords,related literatures were summarized and analyzed.The results show that:Soil N_(2)O can be produced through a variety of microbial processes,among which nitrification and denitrification are the main processes.Non-biological processes such as denitrification by nitrifying bacteria,dissimilation and reduction of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium,and chemical denitrification can also produce N_(2)O.Conclusions on the impact of biochar addition on soil N_(2)O emissions are different.Most studies believe that biochar is beneficial to reduce soil N_(2)O emissions,while a few believe that biochar stimulates or has no effect on soil N_(2)O emissions.Two mechanisms on how biochar involves in slowing down soil N_(2)O emissions are proposed,including the difference in the physical and chemical properties of biochar itself and the influence of biochar on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the process of nitrogen conversion.The potential of biochar to reduce N_(2)O emissions from composted soils and biochar to promote acidic soils plant productivity were also analyzed.In conclusion,it is necessary to establish a database of biochar characteristics,systematically strengthen the estimation of biochar’s N_(2)O emission reduction potential and to conduct long-term field trials.

关 键 词：生物炭 农业生态系统 土壤N_(2)O排放 硝化和反硝化 氮转化过程 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]