mRNA 6-甲基腺嘌呤修饰及其调控蛋白在神经系统中的作用  

The role of mRNA N^(6)-methyladenosine methylation modification and its regulatory proteins in nervous system

作　　者：刘慧[1] 魏珍 曾燕[1] LIU Hui;WEI Zhen;ZENG Yan(Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute,Wuhan University of Scienee and Technology,Wuhan 430065,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学脑科学先进技术研究院,武汉430065

出　　处：《生命科学》2022年第1期45-54,共10页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81870901,82071272);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2020CFB137);教育厅科学研究计划指导项目(B2020015)。

摘　　要：N^(6)-甲基腺嘌呤(N^(6)-methyladenosine,m^(6)A)作为真核生物中最常见的一种mRNA甲基化修饰,在神经系统中丰度颇高。随着表观转录组学的兴起,学者们对mRNA m^(6)A甲基化修饰的研究也在不断深入,发现m^(6)A甲基化修饰是由甲基转移酶、去甲基化酶以及RNA结合蛋白共同调控的动态可逆过程。当m^(6)A调控蛋白表达异常时,m^(6)A修饰会受其影响,导致mRNA代谢紊乱、转录和翻译等功能障碍,从而引起神经系统功能异常。该文归纳了mRNA m^(6)A甲基化修饰的调控蛋白,从它们在神经细胞生长发育、轴突生长和小脑发育等神经系统发育过程中的作用以及与阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、胶质母细胞瘤等神经系统疾病的关系方面进行了概述。N^(6)-methyladenosine (m^(6)A) is the most prevalent type of internal post-transcriptional RNA modification in eukaryotes and is quite abundant in the nervous system.With the rise of epitranscriptomics,scholars have studied mRNA m^(6)A methylation modification in depth and found that it is a dynamic and reversible process regulated by methyltransferases,demethylases and RNA binding proteins.When m^(6)A regulatory proteins expressed abnormally,m^(6)A modifications altered,which in turn leads to mRNA metabolism disorders,transcription and translation dysfunctions,resulting in abnormal neurological functions.In this present review,the regulatory proteins involved in mRNA m^(6)A methylation are briefly introduced,and their roles in nervous system development processes such as neural stem cells growth and development,axonal growth and cerebellar development,as well as their relationship with nerve system disease such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease and glioblastoma are reviewed.

关 键 词：N^(6)-甲基腺嘌呤 甲基转移酶 去甲基化酶 RNA结合蛋白 神经系统 

分 类 号：Q189[生物学—神经生物学] Q522[生物学—普通生物学]