船舶柴油机尾气热电装置热分析及结构设计  

Thermal Analysis and Optimal Design of Marine Diesel Engine Exhaust Heat Recovery Device

作　　者：刘少斌 何明键 任亚涛[1,2] 齐宏[1,2] LIU Shao-bin;HE Ming-jian;REN Ya-tao;QI Hong(School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;Key Laboratry of Aerospace Thermal Physics Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学能源科学与工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学空天热物理工业和信息化部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《节能技术》2022年第1期3-10,共8页Energy Conservation Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51976044)。

摘　　要：船舶柴油机具有能耗高,热效率低的特点,对尾气余热回收装置进行热分析和结构优化设计能有效提高余热回收效率。对基于温差发电的船舶柴油机余热回收装置进行热分析,提出余热回收装置的优化规律。选取工程中热电模块材质、船舶柴油机常见工况作为仿真物性,用热电模块冷热端温度差作为热电转换效率的指标。在船舶柴油机常见的温度和速度工况范围内,温度变化对装置的余热回收量的影响更大。对于余热回收装置,导热介质层的厚度设计需要考虑余热传导效率和热电模块的耐受温度;从分布均匀性角度出发,提出了中间放置和均匀放置两种热电模块组的排列方式,而前者比后者的平均温度高了15 K,且工作温度更均匀;对强化冷却的翅片散热器的翅片高度、翅片间距和翅片单元数量进行分析,在本文研究工况下,翅片间距为翅片厚度三倍为最优设计。Marine diesel engines have the characteristics of high energy consumption and low thermal efficiency.Thermal analysis and structural optimization of the exhaust heat recovery device can effectively improve the efficiency of waste heat recovery.The thermal analysis of the marine diesel engine waste heat recovery device based on thermoelectric power generation is carried out,and the optimization rule of the waste heat recovery device is proposed.The material of thermoelectric module in the project and the common working conditions of marine diesel engine are selected as the simulation physical properties,and the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric module is used as the index of thermoelectric conversion efficiency.With the operating conditions of marine diesel engines,temperature changes of exhuast gas have a greater impact on the waste heat recovery of the device.The thickness design of the heat transfer medium layer needs to consider the waste heat conduction efficiency and the temperature tolerance of the thermoelectric module;from the perspective of uniformity of distribution,two arrangements of thermoelectric module groups are proposed,which are placed in the middle and placed uniformly.The average temperature of the latter is 15 K and the surface temperature is more uniform;the fin height,fin spacing and the number of fin units of the finned radiator with enhanced cooling are analyzed.In this study,the fin spacing three times the thickness of the fin is the optimal design.

关 键 词：余热回收 热分析 热电性能 结构设计 优化原则 

分 类 号：U664[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程] X376.3[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]