开封地区菊花品种耐涝品质调查及栽培方式优化  

Investigation on Waterlogging Tolerance Quality of Chrysanthemum Varieties and Optimization of Cultivation Methods in Kaifeng Area

作　　者：康冬茹 李大寨 巫祎飞 刘昱汝 田六胜 王子成[1] KANG Dongru;LI Dazhai;WU Yifei;LIU Yuru;TIAN Liusheng;WANG Zicheng(School of Life Sciences,Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum,Kaifeng Henan 475000;Bianjing Park,Kaifeng Henan 475000)

机构地区：[1]河南大学生命科学学院/开封市菊花重点实验室,河南开封475000 [2]汴京公园,河南开封475000

出　　处：《山东林业科技》2022年第1期36-44,共9页Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：开封市科技发展项目(2019009ZK);国家重点研发专项(2020YFD1000401)。

摘　　要：河南省北部地区于2021年7月中下旬经历一轮强降雨过程,造成农作物等大面积的绝收。菊花作为开封市标志性经济作物,受灾情况受到广泛的关注。我们调查了开封地区10个不同规模的菊花种植基地和企业,并就洪涝对不同区域及不同品种菊花的影响进行了分析。结果发现,不同种植基地受灾程度不同,灾情受地势和排水工程影响较大。不同栽培方式以盆景菊、大立菊和造型菊受灾最轻,盆栽多头大菊次之,地栽菊花受涝最严重。同一栽培方式,不同品种间抗涝性有差异,可利用现有资源开展抗涝菊花的培育。鉴于菊花不耐涝的物种特性,提出在栽培中通过高畦种植有效减少降雨积水,可保证雨季正常生长,同时可在菊花苗圃周边做好排水沟或者排水井,主动排出园区内积水,防止内涝。除此以外,在雨季应当增加抗真菌药物的使用,雨后还应增加促生根药物的喷施,最好在涝后对菊花平一次头,降低蒸腾量,对盆栽和地栽菊花尽快松土透气,为新根生成创造更好的条件,尽可能的实现菊花快速恢复生长,以减少涝后的影响。基于本次调查结果,为菊花栽培种对抗涝情提出相应的应对措施,实现降低夏季涝后对菊花生产的不良影响。The northern parts of Henan Province experienced a round of heavy rainfall in mid-to-late July 2021,resulting in a large area of crop failure.Chrysanthemum as a symbolic cash crop in Kaifeng city,the disaster situation has been widely concerned.We investigated 10 different scale chrysanthemum planting bases and enterprises in Kaifeng area,and analyzed the impact of flood on different regions and different varieties of chrysanthemum.The results showed that the degree of disaster varied among planting bases,and the disaster was greatly topography and drainage work.In different cultivation methods,potted chrysanthemum,big standing chrysanthemum and shape chrysanthemum were the least affected,potted chrysanthemum with many heads was the next,and ground chrysanthemum was the most affected.With the same cultivation method,different cultivars have different resistance to waterlogging,so existing resources can be used to develop waterlogging resistant chrysanthemum.In view of the characteristics of chrysanthemum species that are not tolerant to waterlogging,we propose that planting in high plots can effectively reduce rainfall water accumulation and ensure the normal growth of chrysanthemum in rainy season.In addition,do a good job of drainage ditches around the chrysanthemum nursery,and take the initiative to discharge the water in the park to prevent waterlogging.At the same time,the use of antifungals should be increased during the rainy season,and antifungals should be applied both before and after rain,and rooting agents should be applied especially after rain.In addition,after waterlogging,the chrysanthemums should be flattened once to reduce transpiration,and the potted and planted chrysanthemums should be loosened and breathable as soon as possible to create better conditions for the generation of new roots,so as to realize the rapid recovery of the growth of chrysanthemums as far as possible to reduce the impact of waterlogging.Based on the results of this investigation,corresponding countermeasures were put for

关 键 词：开封菊花 耐涝 栽培方式 高畦种植 排水沟 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]