欧洲福利国家长期照护服务变迁及对我国的启示  

Long-Term Care Changes in European Welfare States and Its Enlightenment to China

作　　者：齐天骄 QI Tianjiao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院欧洲研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《社会保障研究》2021年第6期55-64,共10页Social Security Studies

摘　　要：本文从资金来源和服务供给机制两方面,对20世纪90年代起瑞典、德国和英国三个欧洲福利国家的长期照护服务体系变迁进行比较。研究发现,三个国家在长期照护上都呈现一定程度的福利紧缩趋势,主要表现为政府支出增长的放缓、个人照护支出的增加、住院照护人数占比的收缩及居家照护人数占比的上升。这一变化始于新自由主义思潮,并最终导向多元福利体系的形成。欧洲福利国家长期照护服务体系变迁的经验可以为我国所借鉴:在资金来源方面,应建立单独的长期照护保险体系,并控制保险费用偿付上限,合理分配国家和个人间的责任;在服务供给方面,应鼓励多部门协同合作,并协调政府参与和市场竞争间的关系。This paper compares the changes of long-term care service systems in Sweden,Germany and the United Kingdom since the 1990s from two aspects of funding sources and service supply mechanism.The study finds out that the three countries have shown a certain degree of welfare retrenchment,which is mainly manifested by the slowdown in government expenditure growth,the increase in personal care expenditure,the shrinking of residential care,and the increasing of home care.This change can be considered to have started with neoliberalism and eventually formed a pluralistic welfare system.The changes of European welfare states can be used for reference by China.In terms of funding,a separate long-term care insurance system should be established,the upper limit of insurance reimbursement should be controlled,and the responsibilities between the state and individuals should be allocated rationally;in terms of service supply,multi-sector collaboration should be encouraged,and government participation and market competition should be coordinated.

关 键 词：长期照护 福利国家 新自由主义 多元福利体系 

分 类 号：D57[政治法律—政治学]