洱海流域肥料面源污染负荷特征研究  

Research on Load Characteristics of Non-point Source Pollution of Fertilizer in Erhai Lake Basin

作　　者：段四喜 杨文燕 李锋林 赵素萍 付朝志 于良君[2,4] DUAN Si-xi;YANG Wen-yan;LI Feng-lin;ZHAO Su-ping;FU Chao-zhi;YU Liang-jun(Dali Agricultural Environmental Protection Monitoring Station,Dali 671000,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Dali City,Dali 671000,China;Editorial Department of Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]大理市农业环境保护监测站,云南大理671000 [2]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [3]大理市农业农村局,云南大理671000 [4]《云南农业大学学报》编辑部,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2022年第1期193-201,共9页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：云南省科技创新开放基金(2017HC015);云南省基础研究青年基金(2019FD120)。

摘　　要：采用污染系数估算法、等标污染负荷法和差异性统计法,对2016~2018年洱海流域16个乡镇肥料面源污染负荷特征进行了研究。研究表明:2016~2018年整个洱海流域TN、TP排放量、等标污染负荷量和排放强度逐年降低,TN排放量为2277.45、2071.65、1170.39 t,TP排放量为189.58、173.65、114.56 t,TN等标污染负荷量为2277.45、2071.65、1170.39 m^(3),TP等标污染负荷量为947.82、868.16、572.75 m^(3),TN排放强度为59.39、56.40、32.28 kg/km^(2),TP排放强度为4.95、4.71、3.38 kg/km^(2)。各年度TN和TP排放量、等标污染负荷量以及TN和TP平均排放量、平均等标污染负荷量均以三营镇、茈碧湖镇、凤羽镇和右所镇最高(4个乡镇TN和TP平均排放总量占流域污染负荷总量的53.73%和57.87%),海东镇和大理镇污染负荷居中,其余10个乡镇污染负荷偏低。各年度TN和TP排放强度均以邓川镇最高,其次是三营镇、茈碧湖镇、凤羽镇和右所镇,其余11个乡镇排放强度偏低。凤仪镇、喜洲镇、海东镇、双廊镇、上关镇和邓川镇TN和TP污染负荷逐年下降,其余10个乡镇在不同年度间污染负荷降中有升,升中有降,但10个乡镇总体呈下降趋势。The load characteristics of non-point source pollution of fertilizers(NSPF)in the Erhai Lake Basin from 2016 to 2018 were studied by the methods of pollution coefficient estimation,equivalent pollution loading and difference statistics.The results showed that NSPF loading in Erhai Lake Basin decreased year by year from 2016 to 2018.The emissions of total nitrogen(TN)were 2277.45,2071.65 and 1170.39 t.The emissions of total phosphorus(TP)were 189.58,173.65 and 114.56 t.The equivalent pollution loading of TN and TP were 2277.45,2071.65,1170.39 m^(3)/a and 947.82,868.16,572.75 m^(3)/a,while the emission intensity of TN and TP were 59.39,56.40,32.28 kg/km^(2) and 4.95,4.71,3.38 kg/km^(2),respectively.The annual standard pollution load of TN and TP discharge as well as the average standard pollution load of TN and TP discharge were the highest in Sanying,Cibihu,Fengyu and Yousuo(The average total emissions of TN and TP in 4 towns accounted for 53.73%and 57.87%of the total pollution load in the basin).The pollution load of Haidong and Dali was in the middle,while the pollution load of the other 10 towns were low.The emission intensity of TN and TP in each year was the highest in Dengcuan,followed by Sanying,Cibihu,Fengyu,Yousuo.The emission intensity of the other 11 towns was low.The TN and TP pollution load of Fengyi town,Xizhou,Haidong,Shuanglang,Shangguan and Dengchuan decreased year by year,while the pollution load of the other 10 towns increased and decreased in different years,but the overall trend of the 10 towns was down.

关 键 词：洱海流域 肥料面源污染 负荷特征 TN TP 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]