俄罗斯军事情报:背景与国会议题(译文)  

Russian Military Intelligence:Background and Issues for Congress

作　　者：安德鲁·鲍恩 张运雄(译) Andrew S.Bowen;ZHANG Yunxiong(Congressional Research Service;No.30 Institute of CETC,Chengdu Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]美国国会研究服务处 [2]中国电子科技集团公司第三十研究所,四川成都610041

出　　处：《信息安全与通信保密》2022年第2期36-47,共12页Information Security and Communications Privacy

摘　　要：自俄罗斯于2014年占领克里米亚地区并介入乌克兰东部局势后,许多分析人士便将俄罗斯与各种国家恶意行动联系起来。美国和欧洲的官员及分析人士指责俄罗斯干涉2016年美国总统大选,于2016年在黑山策划发动政变,2016年和2018年先后对世界反兴奋剂机构和禁止化学武器组织实施网络攻击,2018年试图在英国毒杀俄罗斯叛逃者谢尔盖·斯克里帕尔,以及2020年向塔利班武装分子“悬赏”袭击驻阿富汗地区的美方人员等,而所有这些活动都牵涉到俄罗斯武装力量总参谋部情报总局(简称“格鲁乌”)。由于格鲁乌涉嫌持续发动网络攻击、干扰选举、实施刺杀和开展虚假信息活动,所以了解该机构的结构及其在俄罗斯外交和安全政策中的地位,将有助于确定格鲁乌的能力及其开展特定行动的原因,了解俄罗斯的网络行动、虚假信息行动和影响力行动,以及更全面地讨论美国的潜在对策。Following Russia’s occupation of Crimea region and intervention in eastern Ukraine in 2014,many observers have linked Russia to additional malicious acts abroad.The U.S.and European officials and observers have accused Russia of,among other things,interfering in the presidential election of the U.S.in 2016,attempting a coup in Montenegro in 2016,respectively conducting cyber attacks against the World Anti-Doping Agency and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in 2016 and 2018,attempting to assassinate Russian defector Sergei Skripal in the U.K.in 2018 and offering“bounties”to Taliban-linked fighters for attacking the U.S.personnel in Afghanistan in 2020.Reportedly,Russia’s military intelligence agency,the Main Directorate of the General Staff,also known as GRU,is implicated in all these activities.Because GRU is alleged to constantly conduct cyber attacks,election interference,assassinations and disinformation,understanding the agency’s structure and its position in Russia’s foreign and security policies is conductive to identifying what GRU is capable of and why it conducts particular operations.Such understanding also offers insight into Russia’s operations in terms of cyber,disinformation and influence and broaden the discussions of the potential responses and countermeasures of the U.S.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 军事情报 总参谋部情报总局 网络部队 网络行动 

分 类 号：D526[政治法律—政治学]