大脑皮层投射神经元的起源与分型  

The origin and classification of cortical projection neuron

作　　者：梅玉婷(综述) 程艳(审校) 姬小利(审校) 熊曼(审校)[1] Mei Yuting;Cheng Yan;Ji Xiaoli;Xiong Man(Stem Cell Research Center,Children′s Hospital of Fudan University,Shanghai 201102,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属儿科医院干细胞中心,上海201102

出　　处：《国际儿科学杂志》2022年第1期10-14,共5页International Journal of Pediatrics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81974174)。

摘　　要：哺乳动物的大脑皮层投射神经元作为皮层的主要神经元,广泛参与机体的运动、感觉、认知等功能的调节和支配。大脑皮层投射神经元包括兴奋性投射神经元和抑制性投射神经元两大类,其中又以兴奋性投射神经元为主。皮层兴奋性投射神经元种类较多,但多数具有各自特有的发育规律和表面分子标记物。研究大脑皮层投射神经元的起源和发育过程及规律,有助于理解皮层投射神经元异常相关疾病的机制。该文主要综述了皮层投射神经元的起源、分型及功能。As the main cell type in mammalian cortex,cortical projection neurons play an important role in brain functions,including motor control,sensation and cognition.Projection neurons in the cerebral cortex include excitatory projection neurons and inhibitory projection neurons,of which excitatory projection neurons are the main type.Cortical excitatory projection neurons have various subtypes,and most of them have their own unique developmental rules and molecular markers.Studying the origin and classification of projection neurons in the cerebral cortex is helpful to understand the mechanisms of diseases related to abnormal projection neurons.This paper reviews the origin,classification and function of cortical projection neurons.

关 键 词：皮层发育 投射神经元 起源 分型 功能 

分 类 号：R33[医药卫生—人体生理学]