人工智能时代机器对工人的抽象统治——主体性哲学的三重批判维度  

Abstract Domination of Machines over Workers in the Era of Artificial Intelligence——Three Critical Dimensions of Subjectivity Philosophy

作　　者：程萌 CHENG Meng

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心暨哲学社会学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期8-19,共12页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思主义政治哲学重大基础理论问题研究”(15ZDB002)。

摘　　要：反思机器替代人类体能与人类智能引起的工人阶级传统社会地位深刻变革的主体性困境,必须超越"非批判的实证主义"的"技术决定论"或"非批判的唯心主义"的"技术威胁论"的非历史性价值立场。从人与自然、人与社会、人与自我等人与世界关系的三重基本向度出发,自然科学技术分别推动建构并异化反噬了三种不同的现代性主体:认知主体、权利主体和欲望主体。首先,作为工人理性认识进而改造自然界的劳动资料,机器在信息时代的"去技能化"加速催生模糊生产同生活之间界限的"非物质劳动"新型协作形态。资本则越来越成为自主吸纳智力资源来全面筹划制造剩余价值的生命权力。其次,以技术合理性特别是算法治理为重要统治方式的资产阶级将应当享有生命、财产、自由和平等的政治解放权利成果的无产阶级管控成隐匿维护当前极权主义等级结构的"无用阶级"。最后,消费领域景观符号通过大众媒介捕捉操控的数字化虚拟需要,又在休闲时间内填充劳动者自由解放的意识形态幻象。这样,机器体系的资本化应用最终产生了对工人活动从生产到消费、从物质到精神的整体规训。而立足于马克思澄清的"使无产阶级形成为阶级"的唯物史观,新时代亟须重构历史主体位置的"卢德分子"的革命任务就有赖于打破资本主义对人工智能的垄断占有,使其自觉转变为走向共产主义"自由人联合体"的"指示器"。To reflect on the subjective dilemma of the profound transformation of the traditional social status of the working class caused by the replacement of human physical ability and human intelligence by machines,we must surpass the non historical value position of“technology determinism”of“non critical positivism”or“technology threat theory”of“non critical idealism”.Starting from the three basic dimensions of the relationship between man and nature,man and society,man and self and the world,natural science and technology respectively promote the construction,alienation and reverse phagocytosis of three different modernity subjects:cognitive subject,right subject and desire subject.First of all,machines are the labor material for workers’rational understanding and transformation of the nature;the“deskilling”of machines in the information age has accelerated the birth of a new cooperative form of“non-material labor”that blurs the boundary between production and life.Capital has increasingly become the life power to absorb intellectual resources independently to comprehensively plan and create surplus value.Secondly,the bourgeoisie,which takes technical rationality,especially algorithmic governance,as an important ruling mode,puts the proletariat that should enjoy the fruits of political liberation rights of life,property,freedom and equality into a“useless class”that conceals and maintains the current totalitarian hierarchical structure.Finally,the landscape symbols in the consumption field capture the digital virtual needs of manipulation through the mass media,and fill the ideological illusion of workers’freedom and liberation in their leisure time.In this way,the capitalization application of the machine system finally produces the overall discipline of workers’activities from production to consumption,from material to spirit.Based on the historical materialism of“forming the proletariat into a class”clarified by Marx,the revolutionary task of the“Luddites”,who ask for urge

关 键 词：机器资本化 人工智能 非物质劳动 无用阶级 符号消费 

分 类 号：B016.98[哲学宗教—哲学理论]