非法采矿罪的反思与重构  

Reflection and Reconstruction of Illegal Mining Crime

作　　者：康纪田 严旭 KANG Ji-tian;YAN Xu

机构地区：[1]湖南娄底行政学院,湖南娄底417000

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期45-59,共15页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：非法采矿越禁越呈高发态势,主要是非法采矿罪的刑法设置失当而导致惩罚乏力,必须重构非法采矿罪。在刑法增设并修正非法采矿罪之后,便将更多应罪行为排除在刑事惩罚之外:凡未取得采矿权而采矿的属"非法","非法"致使构罪的入口广泛而构罪的出口狭窄;同是侵犯公私财产权,而非法采矿的价值超过盗窃罪的100倍才构成犯罪。应将非法采矿罪重构为非法"采"与"矿"的系列犯罪,为此特构建采矿权状态"二元结构"理论模型。刑法保护的法益依采矿权"二元结构"理论分设为"盗采矿产罪"与"擅自开采罪"。分设的两罪并列,在于两者分别具有并不相交的犯罪构成。同时,增设非法收购、运输盗采矿产品罪,以此覆盖非法采矿行为。The phenomenon of“the more banning,the more illegal mining”is caused by the improper criminal law setting of illegal mining,therefore,the crime of illegal mining must be reconstructed.After the addition and amendment of illegal mining,more crimes shall be excluded from criminal punishment:where the mining is“illegal”,“illegal”causes the entrance to the crime wide and the exit narrow;As the same infringement of public or private property rights,the illegal mining value exceeds 100 times the theft.The crime of illegal mining should be reconstructed into a series of crimes of illegal“mining”and“mineral”,so that the theoretical model of“binary structure”of mining right state should be specially constructed.According to the theory of“dual structure”of mining right and the crime of unauthorized mining,the two offences are juxtaposed in the incompatible crime.At the same time,the crime of illegal acquisition and transportation of stolen mining products should be added to cover illegal mining activities.

关 键 词：矿业权 矿产资源 采矿权 非法采矿 盗产矿产 非法采矿罪 

分 类 号：D922.620.4[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]