情景与互动:生活垃圾分类管理的制度建构过程——基于上海市P区的个案分析  

Context and Interaction:Institutional Construction Process for the Classified Management of Municipal Solid Waste——A Single-Case Study of P District in Shanghai

作　　者：陈璐 CHEN Lu

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期99-107,共9页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：城市生活垃圾分类管理是长期性、大规模的预防型治理活动,其发展是结构性转变过程,其管理实效的持续性源于新秩序的产生。制度构建是从新规则出现到新秩序呈现的连续过程,受行动者间互动和制度构建情景两大要素的共同影响。秩序并不产生于规则本身,而是呈现于行动者在特定情景下的互动中。在上海市P区的个案中,强制性规则和运动式工具的组合同制度构建情景的错配,导致了政府实际管理对象范围的扩大、全程分类管理体系发展的失衡以及政府短期兜底行为意义的削弱;行动者间利益的局部冲突与共识的不充分,限制了互动过程对新规则的维持作用。在特定情景下,新规则最终并没有通过行动者间互动促使新秩序呈现,管理成效难以获得持续性。The classified management of municipal solid waste is a long-term,massive,and preventive governance activity.Its development requires structural changes,and its performance persists by generating new orders.The institutional construction process is a continuous process between the appearance of new rules and the generation of new orders.Interactions between actors and construction context impact the features and contents of this process.Orders are not generated from rules,but emerges in the interaction in a specific context.In the case of the P district in Shanghai,the combination of regulations and“campaign-style”policy tools do not match the context of the institutional construction process.As a result,the local government manages too many objectives,fails to develop a balanced waste classification management system,thus reduces the effect of its short-term performance.Partial conflicts between actors’different interests and inadequate consensus also restricts the maintenance of new rules.In a specific context,new rules fail to generate new orders which could have emerged from the interaction between actors.Consequently,it leads to unsustainable management effects.

关 键 词：城市生活垃圾管理 制度构建 秩序 互动 情景 

分 类 号：D669.3[政治法律—政治学]