冀中地区桃树优质高产的叶片氮磷钾临界值范围及化肥投入量  

Leaf NPK concentration requisite and chemical fertilizer inputs for high yield and quality of peach production in central Hebei Province

作　　者：王栋 周媛媛 郭路航 张苗 吉庆凯 韩彦茹 孙志梅[1] 马文奇[1] WANG Dong;ZHOU Yuan-yuan;GUO Lu-hang;ZHANG Miao;JI Qing-kai;HAN Yan-ru;SUN Zhi-mei;MA Wen-qi(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第2期269-278,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200403)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究叶片养分含量与产量、品质的关系,并依据该关系确定冀中地区桃树优质高产的叶片氮磷钾临界值范围,及实现该目标所需的化肥投入量与土壤养分保证量。【方法】在冀中地区选取60个小型桃园进行了连续3年的跟踪监测。于盛花期后60天采集桃树叶样,测定氮磷钾含量。收获后,调查果实产量、单果重和可溶性固形物含量(SSC),将各指标分为4个等级。采用单因素方差分析法和边界线分析法,探讨叶片养分含量与3个生产目标的关系,并以产量、品质的最高等级标准对应的叶片养分含量适宜范围与土壤速效养分含量、施肥量进行边界线分析,确定实现优质高产目标的所需的化肥投入量及土壤速效养分含量的保证量。【结果】按照产量、单果重和可溶性固形物含量水平,将桃园等分为4组。随着桃园产量、品质等级的提高,叶片养分含量的变异逐渐减小,等级最高桃园的叶片养分含量多处于居中水平,且分布较集中,变异范围较窄。3个生产目标的叶片全氮、全磷、全钾边界值分布均呈现极显著的抛物线形。基于边界线方程,叶片全氮、全磷、全钾高产目标(>45 t/hm2)下的适宜范围分别为3.33%~4.12%、0.16%~0.29%和1.54%~2.50%;大果目标(>350 g/个)的适宜范围分别为3.05%~4.61%、0.13%~0.35%和1.45%~2.57%;甜度目标(SSC>15%)下分别为3.30%~4.09%、0.17%~0.32%和1.59%~2.64%;同时满足优质高产的叶片全氮、全磷、全钾综合指标范围分别为3.33%~4.09%、0.17%~0.29%和1.59%~2.50%。盛花期后60天叶片全氮、全磷、全钾的临界值可与前期化肥N、P2O5投入量及土壤速效钾含量做出显著的边界线模型,且均呈直线加平台关系。化肥N、P2O5投入量及土壤速效钾含量的拐点分别为210.2 kg/hm2、236.3 kg/hm2和110.2 mg/kg,保证叶片适宜的氮磷钾养分含量需要投入的氮肥和磷肥量分别为N 40.2~166.8 kg/hm2、P2O5 11.3~161.3 kg/hm2,�【Objectives】We surveyed the critical leaf NPK concentration of high quality and high yield peach,the required chemical fertilizer inputs,and soil available nutrient content to achieve peach’s target yield and quality in central Hebei Province.【Methods】We selected 60 small peach orchards in central Hebei Province,and leaf samples were collected at 60 days after the full bloom stage to analyze NPK contents.The surveys were conducted for three consecutive years.The three production objectives(yield,single fruit weight,and soluble solid content(SSC)) were investigated at harvest,and the indexes were divided into four grades.The single factor analysis of variance and boundary line analysis were used to test the relationship between leaf nutrient content,chemical fertilizer input,and soil available nutrient content.【Results】The observed leaf nutrient content variation gradually decreased with increasing yield and quality of peach,and the contents for the highest grade were moderate.The total N,P,and K boundary values for the three objectives were distributed in typical parabolic shapes.Based on the boundary line equations,the critical ranges of total leaf N,P,and K were3.33%–4.12%,0.16%–0.29%,and 1.54%–2.50% for the high-yield target(>45 t/hm2),3.05%–4.61%,0.13%–0.35% and 1.45%–2.57% for large single fruit weight(>350 g),3.30%–4.09%,0.17%–0.32%,and1.59%–2.64% for sweetness(SSC>15%),respectively.The comprehensive leaf N,P,and K ranges that meet high yield and quality were 3.33%–4.09%,0.17%–0.29%,and 1.59%–2.50%,respectively.The critical leaf N,P,and K values had a significant linear boundary relationship with chemical N,P2 O5 fertilizer input,and soil readily available K content.The inflection points for N and P2 O5 fertilizer input were 210.2 kg/hm2 and 236.3 kg/hm2,and 110.2 mg/kg for soil readily available K content.The chemical fertilizers required to ensure leaves appropriate N,P and K nutrient content were 40.2–166.8 kg/hm2 for N,11.3–161.3 kg/hm2 for P2 O5,and36.3–86.8

关 键 词：桃树 边界线分析法 果实产量 果实甜度 叶片氮磷钾临界值范围 氮磷肥投入量 土壤速效钾含量 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]