不同栽培年限人参根际土壤细菌群落与土壤理化性质和酶活性的相关性  

Correlation of bacterial community with soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil under different cultivation years of ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.)

作　　者：李茜 徐瑞蔓 陈迪[1] 叶强 赵洪颜[1] 朴仁哲[1] LI Xi;XU Rui-man;CHEN Di;YE Qiang;ZHAO Hong-yan;PIAO Ren-zhe(Agricultural College of Yanbian University,Yanji,Jilin 133002,China;Yanbian Academy of Agricultural Science,Longjing,Jilin 133400,China)

机构地区：[1]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133002 [2]延边州农业科学研究院,吉林龙井133400

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第2期313-324,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：吉林省科技厅项目(2019100138XH,20200403028SF,20200402040NC);延边州科技局项目(2020FG28)。

摘　　要：【目的】微生物和土壤酶是土壤微环境构建的重要部分,土壤质量与微生物功能多样性及酶活性等生物学指标密切相关,人参根际土壤的理化性质、微生物群落及酶活性对人参的产量和品质均有很大影响,研究不同栽培年限人参根际土壤细菌群落与土壤理化指标及酶活性的相关性,为人参的栽培管理提供科学依据。【方法】于人参红果期分别采集种植3、4和5年的人参根际土壤,以未种植人参的土壤为对照,分析土壤理化性质和酶活性,采用高通量测序技术测定土壤细菌群落组成、多样性,并将细菌群落与理化性质及酶活性进行关联分析。【结果】不同栽培年限人参根际土壤的pH、电导率(EC)、有机质和硝态氮含量与对照土壤有显著差异,但全氮、全磷和速效钾含量与对照相比均无明显变化;不同栽培年限人参根际土壤的4种酶活性均高于对照,其中脲酶和蔗糖酶活性随着栽培年限增加逐渐降低;高通量分析共获得了2840个操作分类单元(OTUs),特有OTU随栽培年限增加有减少的趋势;随着栽培年限的延长,细菌群落多样性逐渐降低,优势菌为Micrococcaceae (微球菌属)、Acidobacteriaceae (酸杆菌属)、Nitrosomonadaceae (亚硝化单胞菌属)、Gaiellalesuncultured、Xanthomonadaceae (黄单胞菌属)、Xanthobacteraceae (黄色杆菌属)、Anaerolineaceae (厌氧绳菌属),其中,对照土壤Anaerolineaceae比5年生人参根际土壤高93.41%,5年生人参根际土壤Xanthomonadaceae比对照高90.99%;不同栽培年限人参根际土壤主要细菌群落关联环境因子分析表明,不同栽培年限人参根际土壤与对照土壤细菌群落结构有较大的差异,全钾、酸性磷酸酶及蔗糖酶是影响3年生土壤细菌群落的主要环境因子,脲酶及过氧化氢酶则是影响4年生人参根际土壤细菌群落的主要环境因子,有机质与4、5年生人参根际土壤细菌群落结构呈现负相关关系,4种土壤酶�【Objectives】Microorganisms and soil enzymes are an important part of the construction of soil microenvironment.Soil quality is closely related to biological indicators such as soil microbial functional diversity and soil enzyme activity.The nutrients,microbial community and enzyme activity of ginseng rhizosphere soil have a great impact on the yield and quality of ginseng.To study the correlation between bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of ginseng and soil physical and chemical indexes and enzyme activity in different cultivation years,so as to provide scientific basis for ginseng cultivation and management.【Methods】In ginseng crabapple respectively to collect 3,4,and 5 years of ginseng rhizosphere soil,village corridor soil as comparison,analysis enzyme activity of soil and its physical and chemical properties,using high-throughput sequencing technologies to determine soil bacterial community composition,diversity,and the rhizosphere bacteria associated with the physical and chemical properties and the enzyme activity analysis,to explore their correlation.【Results】The pH,EC,organic matter and nitrate nitrogen of ginseng soil with different cultivation years were significantly different from CK,but there was no difference in total nitrogen,total phosphorus and readily available potassium compared with CK.The four enzyme activities of ginseng soil with different cultivation years were all higher than CK,and the activities of urease and invertase gradually decreased with the increase of cultivation years.Highthroughput analysis obtained a total of 2840 OTUs,the unique OTU gradually decreased with the increase of cultivation years.Bacterial community diversity gradually decreased with the increase of cultivation years of ginseng,and the dominant bacteria were Micrococcaceae,Acidobacteriaceae,Nitrosomonadaceae,Gaiellalesuncultured,Xanthomonadaceae,Xanthobacteraceae,Anaerolineaceae.Among them,Anaerolineaceae in CK was93.41% higher than 5-year-old,and 5-year-old ginseng soil Xanthomonadaceae was 90.9

关 键 词：人参 土壤理化指标 土壤酶活性 细菌群落 高通量测序 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S567.51[农业科学—农业基础科学]